Midterm Drugs

Question 1

Atropine is an antidote to what class of drugs

Answer 1

Direct Acting Cholinergic Drugs

Question 2

What drug increases intestinal motility and tone, stimulates expulsion of urine, and is used in postoperative or postpartum urinary retention and postoperative abdominal dissension?

Answer 2

Bethanechol

Question 3

What drug treats glaucoma by rapid mitosis and contraction of ciliary muscles? The ADRs include CNS effects, profuse sweating, salivation

Answer 3

Pilocarpine

Question 4

What drug is used to diagnose asthma?

Answer 4

Methacholine by bronchoconstriction

Question 5

What drug has DOA of 1 hour, is used locally for glaucoma, and has little to no side effects when used locally?

Answer 5

Carbachol (Carbamylcholine)

Question 6

What category of indirect acting cholinergic drugs are irreversible and lipid soluble?

Answer 6

Organophosphates

Question 7

What category of indirect acting cholinergic drugs are reversible and water soluble?

Answer 7

Carbamates

Question 8

What do Physostigmine, neostigmine, pyridostigmine, edrophonium, tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamin have in common?

Answer 8

They are carbamates that inhibit acetylcholinesterase and block its active site. They are hydrolyzed within 2-8 hours

Question 9

What treats open angle glaucoma and inactivates acetocholinesterase requiring it to be resynthesized?

Answer 9

Echothiophate

Question 10

What 5 drugs are used as weapons of mass destruction?

Answer 10

tabun, sarin, soman, parathion, malathion

Question 11

What drug is used for glaucoma, increases intestinal and bladder motility, reverse CNS and cardiac effects of TCA, and reverse CNS effects of atropine?

Answer 11

Physostigmine

Question 12

What 3 drugs treats myasthesia gravis and is used following surgery?

Answer 12

Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Edrophonium

Question 13

What drug amplifies the effects of Ach by stopping its breakdown temporarily?

Answer 13

Physostigmine

Question 14

What 2 drugs amplify effects of Ach and treat glaucoma?

Answer 14

Isoflurophate, Echothiophate

Question 15

What are two antidotes for indirect acting cholinergic drugs?

Answer 15

Atropine and pralidoxime

Question 16

How does pralidoxime work as an antidote?

Answer 16

cholinesterase reactivator (breaks bond between drug and un-aged cholinesterase)

Question 17

How does atropine work as an antidote?

Answer 17

antimuscarinic; reduces the effects of Ach at muscarinic site

Question 18

What muscarinic antagonist drug works on the CNS for Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 18

Benztropine

Question 19

What muscarinic antagonist drug works on GU to treat transient cystitis and postoperative bladder spasms?

Answer 19

Oxybutinin

Question 20

What muscarinic antagonist drug works on eye to create mydriasis and cycloplegia?

Answer 20

Atropine

Question 21

What muscarinic antagonist drug works on CNS to prevent and reduce motion sickness?

Answer 21

scopolamine

Question 22

What muscarinic antagonist drug works on bronchi by bronchodilating for asthma?

Answer 22

Ipratorium

Question 23

What muscarinic antagonist drug works on CI to reduce transient motility and is used in combination with other antiulcer drugs?

Answer 23

Methscopolamine

Question 24

What are class of drugs are trimethaphan, mecamylamine, high dose nicotine?

Answer 24

Ganglionic Blockers (nicotinic antagonists)

Question 25

What is the effect of ganglion blocking drugs on the eye?

Answer 25

moderate mydriasis and cycloplegia

Question 26

What is the effect of ganglion blocking drugs on the glands?

Answer 26

reduction of salivation, lacrimation, sweating, gastric secretion

Question 27

What is the effect of ganglion blocking drugs on the vessels?

Answer 27

reduction of arteriolar and venous tone; decreased blood pressure

Question 28

What is the effect of ganglion blocking drugs on the the GI tract?

Answer 28

reduced motility and constipation

Question 29

What is the effect of ganglion blocking drugs on the GU tract?

Answer 29

reduced contractility of bladder

Question 30

What is a long duration non-depolarizing (competitive antagonism) neuromuscular blocker?

Answer 30

Tubocurarine

Question 31

What are 2 short duration non-depolarizing (competitive antagonism) neuromuscular blockers?

Answer 31

Vecuronium and Pancuronium

Question 32

What are 2 depolarizing (non-competitive antagonist) neuromuscular blockers?

Answer 32

Succinylcholine and decamethonium

Question 33

What are the 4 locations that a low dose of epinephrine will act?

Answer 33

CV, respiratory, hyperglycemia, lipolysis

Question 34

What are the 2 locations that a high dose of epinephrine will act?

Answer 34

CV and hyperglycemia

Question 35

What are ADR for epinephrine?

Answer 35

CNS (anxiety, fear, tension, HA, tremor), hemorrhage, arrythmias, pulmonary edema

Question 36

What are the 4 main therapeutic applications of epinephrine?

Answer 36

Asthma, glaucoma, anaphylaxis, prolong anesthetics

Question 37

What is the main therapeutic application of norepinephrine?

Answer 37

increase BP and used in shock