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Anatomy > Lecture 2: Connective tissues, cartilage and bone > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Connective tissues, cartilage and bone Flashcards

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1
Q

What is connective tissue

A

It is whats left over after everything else is removed (epithelia, muscle and nervous tissue)

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2
Q

T or F: CT has relatively few cells

A

true

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3
Q

Major characteristic of connective tissue

A

abundant matrix

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4
Q

CT is classified based on what

A

type of matrix
fiber density
fiber organization

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5
Q

Functions of CT

A

Physically support other tissues
bind other tissues together
provide structural framework/opposes gravity
create body contours
house specialized tissue (hematopoietic, lymphoid tissue)

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6
Q

Types of CT (3)

A

Embryonic
Adult
Special

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7
Q

Embryonic CT

A

Whartons jelly

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8
Q

Types of adult CT

A

Loose (Areolar)
Dense
Elastic
Reticular

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9
Q

Types of specialized CT

A

Adipose
Hematopoietic
Bone
Cartilage

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10
Q

Components of CT (3)

A

Cells
Fibers
Amorphous, non cellular material

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11
Q

Cells of CT (7)

A

Fibroblast, fibrocyte
chondroblast, chondrocyte
osteoblast, osteocyte, osteoclast

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12
Q

Types of protein fibers (3)

A

Collagen
Elastic
Reticular

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13
Q

Amorphous, non cellular materials

A

GAGs
Glycoproteins
Chondroitin sulfate (in cartilage)
Hydroxyapatite (in bone)

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14
Q

Where is embryonic CT found

A 
Umbilical cord (whartons jelly)
pulp of developing teeth
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15
Q

Ratio of fibroblasts:fibrous component in loose (areolar) CT

A

High ratio of fibroblasts to fibrous component

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16
Q

Types of fibers in loose CT

A

Type I collagen and elastic fibers

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17
Q

Where is loose CT found

A

Usually beneath epithelial tissues of most organs, including the tunica adventitia of blood vessels

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18
Q

What does loose CT contain (3 cells, 1 structure)

A

Fibroblasts, mast cells, macrophages, capillaries

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19
Q

Ratio of fibroblasts to fibrous component in dense CT

A

High ratio of fibrous component to fibroblasts

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20
Q

Fibroblast nuclei appearance in dense CT

A

Elongated and thin

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21
Q

Characterized by highly ordered bundles of collagen separated by single rows of fibroblasts

A

Dense CT

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22
Q

Found in tendons and ligaments

A

Dense CT

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23
Q

Compare collagen structure in dense and loose CT

A

Dense CT has thicker bundles of collagen fiber

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24
Q

Types of adipose tissue

Study These Flashcards
A

White fat

brown fat

25
Which type of adipose is unilocular, which type is multilocular
white fat is unilocular | brown fat is multilocular
26
Brown fat is used for
heat production
27
Most common cells in CT matrix
Fibroblasts and Fibrocytes
28
Ground substance of CT matrix
Mostly composed of GAGs and glycoproteins
29
Fibers in CT matrix
Mostly collagen, also has elastic and reticular
30
What are GAGs
Large, negatively charged linear polymers, consisting of repeated disaccharide units
31
T or F: All GAGs are covalently linked to protein to form proteoglycans
True, except for Hyaluronic acid
32
Characteristics of Hyaluronic acid
Largest GAG Lacks sulfate group Present in nearly all CT Binds to water, serves as lubricant in synovial fluid
33
Four groups of GAGs
Heparin and Heparan sulfate Chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate Keratan sulfate
34
Types of Glycoproteins (2)
Chondronectin | Laminin
35
Cartilage extracellular matrix
``` Collagen fibers (type II).. type I in fibrocartilage Amorphous ground substance (Hyaluronic acid, chondroitin, keratan and heparin sulfate) ```
36
Cartilage functions
``` Compressible Resists distortion Absorbs shocks in joints Reduces friction in movable joints Necessary for endochondral bone growth Involved in bone fracture repair ```
37
Cartilage characteristics
Perichondrium | Avascular (slow to heal)
38
Perichondrium layers
Outer fibrous layer surrounding mass of cartilage, contains fibroblasts Inner chondrogenic layer- gives rise to chondroblasts
39
Types of cartilage
Hyaline Fibrocartilage Elastic
40
Hyaline cartilage location
Ears, nose, movable joint surfaces
41
Elastic cartilage location
Auricle, Epiglottis
42
Fibrocartilage location
Less movable joints and intervertebral discs
43
Lacunae
Pockets within the matrix where chondroblasts and chondrocytes are found (2-8 in each)
44
Growth pattern of hyaline cartilage
Appositional or interstitial
45
Hyaline cartilage characteristics
``` Perichondrium (except at ends of long bones) Chondrocytes in cell groups Translucent bluish gray/white Solid but flexible Type II collagen Avascular ```
46
What is the most common cartilage
Hyaline
47
Cartilage develops in regions of ____ oxygen
Regions of low oxygen
48
Hyaline cartilage is associated with what types of joints
Synovial (diarthroses), highly movable joints
49
Territorial matrix
surrounds each chondrocyte | High GAG content, low collagen content
50
Inter-territorial matrix
Surrounds territorial matrix | High collagen content, low GAG content
51
Elastic cartilage characteristics
Perichondrium Yellow color due to presence of elastic fibers More opaque, flexible and elastic than hyaline Mostly single chondrocytes Type II collagen + elastic fibers
52
Fibrocartilage characteristics
``` NO perichondrium Increased collagen Reduced cellularity compared w/hyaline Type I collagen Single sparse chondrocytes ```
53
T or F: Bone is highly vascular
True
54
Matrix of bones consists of
Organic component- osteoid | Inorganic component- Hydroxyapatite, makes up 35-65% of the matrix
55
Types of bone tissue
Woven Spongy Compact
56
Woven bone characteristics (4)
Occurs during bone development and repair Produced rapidly Haphazard collagen foundation Less structural integrity
57
Compact (lamellar) bone characteristics
Matrix ordered into layers called laminae Layers may be flattened and parallel Layers may be concentric and parallel around central canal (Haversian canal)
58
Spongy bone (trabecular or cancellous bone) characteristics
3-D lattice of branching, bony spicules intertwined to form trabeculae, surround bone marrow spaces in long and flat bones

Anatomy (34 decks)

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