Anatomy Lecture 3: Bones, Bone development, and joints

Question 1

Hydroxyapatite

Answer 1

Small, branching, strands of bone that fuse with one another to form a spongy appearance.

Question 2

Bone markings

Answer 2

Appear on dried bones wherever tendons, ligaments, and fascia were attached.

Question 3

Fissure

Answer 3

a narrow, cleft-like opening between adjacent parts of bones through which blood vessels and nerves pass

Question 4

Foramen

Answer 4

a hole through a bone or through the wall of a bone into the medullary cavity through which vessels and nerves pass

Question 5

Canal

Answer 5

a foramen with some length and an orifice at each end

Question 6

Meatus

Answer 6

tube-like passageway running within a bone with an orifice at only one end

Question 7

Paranasal sinus

Answer 7

air-filled cavity within a bone connected to the nasal cavity

Question 8

Groove (sulcus)

Answer 8

furrow or depression that accommodates a soft structure such as a blood vessel, nerve or tendon.

Question 9

Fossa

Answer 9

depression in or on a bone

Question 10

Fovea

Answer 10

little pit

Question 11

Condyle

Answer 11

Process which forms joint- large, rounded articular prominence

Question 12

Head

Answer 12

Process which forms joint- rounded articular projection supported on a constricted portion

Question 13

Facet

Answer 13

Process which forms joint- smooth flat surface

Question 14

Process

Answer 14

Process for attachment- prominent projection

Question 15

Tubercle

Answer 15

Process for attachment- small, rounded process

Question 16

Tuberosity

Answer 16

Process for attachment- large, rounded, usually roughened process

Question 17

Trochanter

Answer 17

Process for attachment- large, blunt projections; found only on femur

Question 18

Crest

Answer 18

Process for attachment- prominent border or ridge

Question 19

Spine

Answer 19

Process for attachment- very high ridge

Question 20

Line

Answer 20

Process for attachment- less prominent ridge than a crest

Question 21

Spinous process

Answer 21

Process for attachment- sharp, slender process

Question 22

Epicondyle

Answer 22

Process for attachment- prominence proximal to a condyle

Question 23

Angle

Answer 23

Where the main part of a bone (the body) and a process are joined at different angles to eachother

Question 24

Ramus

Answer 24

branch off the body (beyond the angle)

Question 25

Lingula

Answer 25

flat, tongue shaped process

Question 26

Hamulus

Answer 26

hook shaped process

Question 27

Cornu

Answer 27

horn shaped process

Question 28

Endochondral bone formation forms what types of bones

Answer 28

Long bones and most irregular bones such as vertebre

Question 29

Intramembrane bone formation forms which bones

Answer 29

Many flat bones of the cranial vault

Question 30

Trabecula

Answer 30

When ossification has progressed to such a point that the original strand is completely ossified

Question 31

In the epiphyseal plates, where does new cartilage formation occur

Answer 31

On the distal end

Question 32

Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) joint types(2) and mobility

Answer 32

Synchodrosis | Symphysis (relatively little movement for both)

Question 33

Synchondrosis and example of joint

Answer 33

Cartilaginous joint formed of hyaline cartilage. | i.e. epiphyseal plate of long bones

Question 34

Synostosis and example of joint

Answer 34

Bone is the joining material | i.e. The resulting joint after the growth plate closes and bones fuse together

Question 35

Symphysis and example of joint

Answer 35

Cartilaginous joint held together by fibrocartilage. Allows very little movement. i.e. pubic symphysis

Question 36

Fibrous (synarthrosis) joint types (3) and mobility

Answer 36

Suture Gomphosis Syndesmosis (Slight mobility for all 3)

Question 37

Suture and example

Answer 37

Fibrous joint. Bones have irregular shaped edges that interlock, w/ fibrous membrane holding them together. i.e. many of the joints between bones of calvaria (skull cap)

Question 38

Gomphosis and example

Answer 38

Fibrous joint. Peg and socket type of joint. | i.e. The joint between a tooth and its socket

Question 39

Syndesmosis and example

Answer 39

Fibrous joint. Two bones held together by fibrous interosseous membrane i.e. Interosseous membrane between radius and ulna or between fibula and tibia

Question 40

Synovial joint (diarthrosis)

Answer 40

Complex joint designed for mobility. Contain articular cartilage, synovial fluid & membrane, joint capsule and ligaments.

Question 41

Types of synovial joints (4)

Answer 41

Uniaxial Biaxial Triaxial Non-axial

Question 42

Uniaxial and example

Answer 42

Moves through one plane around one axis | i.e. Humeroulnar (elbow) joint

Question 43

Biaxial and example

Answer 43

Movement in two planes around two axis | i.e. metacarpal-phalangeal joint (finger)

Question 44

Saddle joint and example

Answer 44

Special biaxial joint in which both surfaces are saddle shaped i.e. first carpometacarpal joint (thumb)

Question 45

Triaxial joint and example

Answer 45

Movement in three planes around three axis | i.e. ball and socket joint, glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

Question 46

Non-axial joint and example

Answer 46

Two relatively flat surfaces which slide over one another | i.e. joints between many of the carpal elements

Question 47

Skeletal system functions (5)

Answer 47

``` Structure and protection Muscle attachment Leverage for movement Homopoeisis Calcium and phosphate resovoir ```

Question 48

Skull

Answer 48

axial

Question 49

hyoid bone

Answer 49

axial

Question 50

auditory ossicles

Answer 50

axial

Question 51

vertebral column

Answer 51

axial

Question 52

thorax (sternum, ribs)

Answer 52

axial

Question 53

Appendicular skeleton 4 portions

Answer 53

Pectoral girdle and upper extremities | Pelvic girdle and lower extremities

Question 54

Clavicle

Answer 54

Pectoral and upper

Question 55

scapula

Answer 55

pectoral and upper

Question 56

humerus

Answer 56

pectoral and upper

Question 57

pelvic bones

Answer 57

pelvic and lower

Question 58

patella

Answer 58

pelvic and lower

Question 59

tarsals, metatarsals

Answer 59

pelvic and lower

Question 60

carpals, metacarpals

Answer 60

pectoral and upper

Question 61

short bone example

Answer 61

carpals

Question 62

flat bone example

Answer 62

skull cap (calvaria)

Question 63

irregular bone examples

Answer 63

vertebrae and some facial bones

Question 64

sesamoid bones example

Answer 64

patella