Lecture 6: Nervous system introduction, brachial plexus

Question 1

Central nervous system consists of

Answer 1

Structures arising directly from the neural tube
Brain
Spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral nervous system consists of

Answer 2

Cranial nerves (12)
Spinal nerves (31)

Question 3

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 3

May be considered subdivision of PNS
Innervates smooth muscle and glands
Sympathetic (thoracolumbar)
Parasympathetic (craniosacral)

Question 4

Stages in neural tube development

Answer 4

Neural plate
Neural folds
Neural tube

Question 5

Subdivisions of cranial end of tube (brain)

Answer 5

Tripartite brain

Pentapartite brain

Question 6

Functions of the nervous system (3)

Answer 6

Sensory
Motor
Cognitive

Question 7

Tripartite brain derivatives

Answer 7

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rombencephalon

Question 8

Prosencephalon derivatives

Answer 8

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

Question 9

Rombencephalon derivatives

Answer 9

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

Question 10

Telencephalon primordia

Answer 10

(Proencephalon derivative)
Lumina- lateral ventricles (I&II)
Floor- basal ganglia, olfactory lobes and nerves
Roof- Cerebral hemispheres

Question 11

Diencephalon primordia

Answer 11

(Proencephalon derivative)
Lumina- Third ventricle
Roof- Epithalamus
Wall- Thalamus
Floor- Hypothalamus and infundibulum

Question 12

Mesencephalon primordia

Answer 12

Lumen- Cerebral aquaduct

Floor-Tegmentum

Question 13

Metencephalon primordia

Answer 13

(Rhombencephalon derivative)
Lumen- Part of fourth ventricle
Roof- Cerebellum
Floor- Pons

Question 14

Myelincephalon primordia

Answer 14

Lumen- Rest of fourth ventricle
Main part- Medulla oblongata
Roof- Posterior choroid plexus

Question 15

Parts of a neuron

Answer 15

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon

Question 16

Cell body

Answer 16

Trophic unit

Perikaryon

Question 17

Dendrites

Answer 17

Receptive unit

Question 18

Axon

Answer 18

Conductive unit

Question 19

Cell body organelles

Answer 19

Nucleus
Golgi apparatus
RER

Question 20

Telodendria

Answer 20

Short branched processes off of the axon that give off endings called terminal boutons

Question 21

Terminal boutons

Answer 21

Endings of telodendria

contain synaptic vessicles of neurotransmitters

Question 22

Axon contains

Answer 22

Mitochondria
Neurofilaments
Neurotubules

Question 23

Nucleus is and aggregation of

Answer 23

Dendrites and nerve cell bodies in the CNS

Question 24

Ganglion

Answer 24

Aggregation of dendrites and cell bodies in the PNS

Question 25

Nerve

Answer 25

Bundle of fibers (axons) in the CNS

Question 26

Tract

Answer 26

Bundle of fibers (axons) in the PNS

Question 27

Commisure

Answer 27

Tract in the CNS that crosses from one side to the other

Question 28

White matter

Answer 28

Areas of myelinated axons

Question 29

Gray matter

Answer 29

Areas of unmyelinated axons, cell bodies and dendrites

Question 30

Spinal nerve branches

Answer 30

``` Dorsal primary ramus Ventral primary ramus Ramus recurrens White ramus communicans Gray ramus communicans ```

Question 31

ANS nerve branches

Answer 31

Paravertebral ganglion Prevertebral ganglion Splanchnic nerve

Question 32

Reflex arc

Answer 32

Neural pathway that controls a reflex. Sensory neurons do not pass into the brain, they synapse in the spinal cord and send signal directly to effector muscle Afferent (sensory) pathway Association neurons (interneurons) Efferent (motor) pathway

Question 33

Spinal cord is organized into

Answer 33

Horns and columns

Question 34

Horns

Answer 34

Areas of gray matter | Posterior (dorsal), Anterior (ventral), Lateral horns

Question 35

Columns

Answer 35

Areas of white matter | Posterior, Anterior, Lateral columns