Lecture 2: Intro to Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Def: Anatomy

Answer 1

Science which deals with the form and structure of all organisms

Question 2

Def: Physiology

Answer 2

The study of the integrated functions of the animal body and the functions of its constituent parts

Question 3

Bilateral symmetry

Answer 3

-split down the middle, half out each pair on either side.
unpaired structures: digestive system, vertebral column, heart, etc
paired structures: ie. lungs, ribs, limbs, etc.

Question 4

Median plane, aka

Answer 4

bilateral plane

Question 5

Sagittal plane

Answer 5

an off-centre plane

Question 6

transverse plane

Answer 6

vertical plane along z-axis

Question 7

frontal plane

Answer 7

horizaontal plane along x-axis

Question 8

“Palmer”

Answer 8

ventral/caudal/rear region of limb

Question 9

Medial view shows 2 cavities

Answer 9

dorsal and ventral cavities

Question 10

dorsal cavity

Answer 10

brain and spinal cord

Question 11

ventral cavity

Answer 11

most of the viscera

Question 12

Diaphragm separates ventral cavity into

Answer 12

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

Question 13

Thoracic cavity is divided into

Answer 13

pericardial (heart) and pleural (lungs) sacs

Question 14

abdominal cavity

Answer 14

digestive organs, part of reproductive organs and kidneys

Question 15

pelvic cavity

Answer 15

terminal part of digestive system (rectum) and urogenital system

Question 16

peritonuem

Answer 16

membrane surrounding the abdominal and part of the pelvic viscera

Question 17

4 types of tissue

Answer 17

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve

Question 18

Epithelial tissue

Answer 18

skin; covers exposed surface and lines body cavities and glands

Question 19

connective tissue

Answer 19

widely distributed; supports, protects, and binds tissue together; ie. cartilage, bone, ligaments, blood, adipose tissue

Question 20

muscle

Answer 20

specialized for contraction and functions to accomplish movement

Question 21

Nerve

Answer 21

receiving and conducting electrical impulses

Question 22

Epithelial tissue is divided into

Answer 22

simple, stratified, and glandular

Question 23

Simple Epithelial Tissue: 4 types

Answer 23

simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, and pseudostratified

Question 24

simple squamous

Answer 24

irregular/flattened shape; lines body cavities, organs, and blood vessels

Question 25

simple cuboidal

Answer 25

less flat appearance, cuboidal shape, forms the walls of kidney tubules and composes the active tissue of many glands

Question 26

simple columnar

Answer 26

cylindrical shape, lines the trachea

Question 27

pseudostratified

Answer 27

bronchiole tissue

Question 28

Stratified epithelial tissue: 3 types

Answer 28

transitional, stratified squamous, Stratified columnar epithelium

Question 29

Trasitional stratified epithelium

Answer 29

urinary system and stretching tissue (bladder and ureters)

Question 30

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 30

outer lining of skin, lining esophagus, and is thickest and toughest epithelial tissue

Question 31

stratified columnar epithelium

Answer 31

pharynx and salivary ducts

Question 32

Glandular epithelial tissue: function

Answer 32

secretion and excretion

Question 33

secretion

Answer 33

release of substance that has been synthesized by the cell, usually affects other cells in other parts of body

Question 34

excretion

Answer 34

expelling of waste products not useful to the cell or body

Question 35

exocrine gland

Answer 35

glands that empty their products via ducts into a body cavity (mouth, gut, urinary tract) Secretions consist of aqueous mixtures

Question 36

endocrine gland

Answer 36

glands that empty their products *directly* into the circulatory system

Question 37

methods of secretion: 3 types

Answer 37

merocrine, holocrine, and apocrine

Question 38

merocrine

Answer 38

pass their products through the cell wall without appreciable loss of cytoplasm or damage to the cell membrane

Question 39

holocrine

Answer 39

entire cell is discharged, ie. sebaceous gland associrated with hair follicle

Question 40

Apocrine

Answer 40

apical portion of the acinar cell is discarded and the secretion released, ie. prostate and sweat glands