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NM 2 > lecture 2: motor control and motor learning > Flashcards

lecture 2: motor control and motor learning Flashcards

1
Q

____ must control the body as a mechanical system - postural alignment

A

CNS

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2
Q

what is movement emerges as result of interaction parts , without needs for specific commands

A

self organization

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3
Q

what is as one parameter is changed and reaches a critical value, new behavior emerges

A

nonlinear properties

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4
Q

after a person moves 4 things are stored in memory … waht are they adn what is this called

A

this is called schema

  1. initial movement conditions
  2. parameters used in general motor program
  3. knowledge of results
  4. sensory consequences of the movement
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5
Q

what is classical conditioning

A

conditioned stimulus causes conditioned response (formerly unconditioned)

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6
Q

what is operant conditioning

A

behaviors that are rewarded tend to be repeated , punshied or not repeated

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7
Q

what is procedural learning

A

leaning tasks that can be performed without attention (habit)

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8
Q

what is declarative learning

A

Knowledge that can be recalled

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9
Q

what are 5 things you would use to describe feed back movement

A
  • Reactive
  • Slow
  • Precise
  • Unfamiliar tasks
  • Sensory input used to compare
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10
Q

what type of movement is feed forward

Reactive/anticipatory
slow/rapid
pre programmed/precise
familiar task/unfamiliar
senosyr input used to compare/not relied upon

A

anticipatory
rapid
pre programmed
familiar task
sensory input not relied upon

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11
Q

what structures in the brain are feedback structures

A

BG and cerebellum

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12
Q

what structures in the brain are feed forward

A

thalamus and motor cortex

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13
Q

Period of enormous ____ immediately follows an injury to the brain.

A

instability

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14
Q

what is GORDON’S INVESTMENT PRINCIPLE: TASK-ORIENTED THEORY

A

when a patient has a brain injury they are unable to do the old strategy so they do the new strategy until they plateau but then u want to keep adding to that new strategy so they go back to the bottom and work their way up to no plateau

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15
Q

what are the 3 stages of motor learning

A
  1. cognitive stage
  2. associative stage
  3. autonomous stage
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16
Q

what is the difference between the stages of motor learning … cognitive , associative and autonomous

A

cognitive stage : conscious processing of task requirements , has many errors

associative stage : selection of best strategy for task and now being to refine skills , more acurate

autonomous stage: no attention requires , stable performance

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17
Q

what does systems 3 stage model emphasis on

A

controlling DOF

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18
Q

what is the novice part of the systems 3 stage model

A

learner simplified the movement to decrease the DOF

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19
Q

what is the advanced part of the systems 3 stage model

A

learned begins to release DOF by allowing movement at more joints invovled in task

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20
Q

what is the expert part of the systems 3 stage model

A

all DOF are released necessary in order to perform task in most efficient way

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21
Q

what is newell theory of learning as exploration

A

during practice there is a search for optimal strategies to solve the task given the constraints

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22
Q

what is perception as a prescriptive role

A

the understanding of the goal and movements

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23
Q

what is perception as a feedback role

A

knowledge of performance and knowledge of results

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24
Q

can learning by measured directly

A

no

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25
what is the level of skilled displayed at each trial , transient
performance
26
what is an intrinsic feedback
comes to the person from sensory information from the movement
27
what is an **extrinsic** feedback
comes form outside the person to supplement intrinsic feedback
28
what is a **knowledge of results**
important form of extrinsic feedback regarding outcome
29
when it is best to give knowledge of results
after they have had time to process what they have done
30
**- Practice conditions’** * Massed/blocked vs. distributed * Constant vs. variable * Contextual interference * Whole vs. part training * Transfer of skill * Mental practice * Physical guidance what do these mean and what is not good for motor learning and what is good
* Massed/blocked vs. distributed : massed - focusing on a single tasked - **distributed**: working in intervals and this is better for motor learning * Constant vs. variable : constant learning and variable learning , **variable** is better * Contextual interference: this is doing stuff in between task and is **good** for motor learning * Whole vs. part training: training the whole time and breaking it down , **part** is better * Transfer of skill * Mental practice- **good** for motor learning * Physical guidance- **not good** for motor learning bc we aren’t allowing the patient to correct themselves
31
what are 3 things you can do if the patient cant perform the task for specific training for **motor learning**
- simplify the task without changing components by modifying the enivmorent - can remediate the impairments (contrived activities) and then return to task specific (functional) training - cN teach compensations
32
what is an alternative strategies used to accomplish a task
compensation
33
what is achieving function through original processes
recovery
34
The act of ___ itself may be the primary reason that motor deficits remain.
compensating
35
what is learned non use
when it may not be that th patient cant used their arm but it may be bc they have learned not to use it
36
____ promotes learning
retention
37
what is the **feedback** for retention and performance
low for retention and high for frequency
38
what is the **scheduling goal** from retention and performance
retention is randy and performance is bloacked
39
what is the difference for practice for retention adn performance
retention is variable and performance is progressive
40
what is the limitations of performance based functional tests
they tell you that the person is having difficulty but not necessarily why will not tell u how to treat will no tell you the strategies the person employs to attempt the task
41
what are the 3 levels of **movements analysis gentile**
action level movement level neuro motor level
42
what 3 things go in the **individual** part of organization of movement
cognition perception action
43
what 3 things go in the **TASK** part of organization of movement
mobility stability manipulation
44
what 2 things go in the **environment** part of organization of movement
regulatory nonregulatory
45
what os a system for classifying tasks so that we can better understand the demands placed on a person
GENTILE’S TAXONOMY
46
in the environmental context of GENTILE’S TAXONOMY ___ must match certain features of environment to be successful
movements
47
in the environmental context of GENTILE’S TAXONOMY what are the 2 **regulatory** conditions of tasks
* Fixed terrain, objects/people stationary * Supporting surfaces, objects, or people in motion
48
in the environmental context ___ can be a determinant of action
timing
49
_____ features of the environment control ____ features of the movement.
spatial 2x
50
for **stationary** , ___ is not specificied sooo the person can decide when to start and when to edn
timing in
51
t/f : There is motion in the environment that occurs independently of the person’s movements.
T
52
for **motion**,,,, the person must match movements with ___ and ___ features of the environment
spatial and temporal
53
in **motion** ,,, The person makes ongoing ____ about situation to match movements.
predictions
54
as **movement variability decrease** : * _____ attention is paid to the movement. * “Can do it with eyes ____.” * _____, ____, ___ is formed. * ___ skill
Less closed pattern , trace , schema closed
55
as **movement variability increased** ::::: * Continued need for ____ * ____ movement pattern generated to match changed situation * ___ skill
attentiveness New Open
56
if you are **stationary** and the I**NTERTRIAL variability is absent** what kind of task is it
closed task
57
if you are in **motion** and the INTERTRIAL variability is **absent** what kind of task is it
consistent motion tasks
58
if you are **stationary** and the INTERTRIAL variability is **present** what kind of task is it
variable motionless tasks
59
if you are in motion and the INTERTRIAL variability is present what kind of task it
open task
60
a **closed** tasks…. * Involve ____ objects * _____ change from trial to trial * ____ interaction with environment
stationary Do not Least
61
**variable motionless tasks…** * Objects ___, but may vary spatially from one attempt to next * ___ interaction with environment than closed
stationary More
62
consistent motion tasks… • More interaction with environment than ___ • Motion of objects remains the ____ during repeated attempts • All have some _____ or ____ device implicated
closed same electrical or mechanical
63
which tasks… . • Requires the most interaction with environment • Most complex, requiring the most of person
open
64
for **body orientation**… tasks that require **STABILIZING** the body … the information processing demands are usually ___
low
65
for **body orientation**… tasks that require **TRANSPORTING** the body … the information processing demands are usually ___
higher
66
manipulations are more common occurs with ___ , if a maniuopulation is not occurring , the arms and hands become part of the ___ system
hands postural
67
when doing 2 things at once the person must do what 2 things and what is required
must monitor environments and gather relevant information about the object to be handled requires increased attention
68
if a person is sitting and relaxing and not using their hands what body orientation and manipulation is it
stabile body and absent manipulation bc not using hands
69
if a pateint is sitting and writing what body orientation and manipulation is it
stable body orientation and presents manuluation bc using hands but sitting still
70
if a pateint is walking and doing nothing with their hands what body orientation and manipulation is it
transport body orientation bc walking but absent manipulation bc not doing anything with hands
71
if a pateint is walking and texting what body orientation and manipulation is it
transport body orientation bc walking and present manipulation bc texting
72
in a closed/body stability tasks … • All relevant conditions remain ___ and do not vary from one trial to next. • _____ with no predictive demands • Movement becomes ___ • Little attentional demands
fixed Self-paced habitual
73
the practical applications of the **taxconomy** is that is can be sued to explore what ? aids in the selection of what ? and provides insight for what ? and is a ___ and ___ guides for evaluation
used to explore the basis for a patients performance deficits aids in selection of functionally appropriate activities for educational or therapeutic purposes provided insight into nature of learning systematic and comprehensive

NM 2 (17 decks)

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