Lecture 2 - Vertebral Column & Deep Back Region Flashcards by Brandon Craipley

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Q

How many vertebrae are in the vertebral column

A

26 (33) -> depends if you count the sacrum and coccyx as one fused

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Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there

A

7

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Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there

A

12

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Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there

A

5

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Q

How many sacrum vertebrae are there

A

5 fused

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Q

How many coccyx vertebrae are there

A

4 fused

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Q

When and which curves form as a fetus, at birth and as a child?

A

Fetus: none
Birth: Primary thoracic and sacral curves
Child: Secondary cervical and lumbar curves

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Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvature

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Q

Does scoliosis result in significant weakness

A

No, not always

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Q

Kyphosis

A

Exaggerated thoracic curvature

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Q

Lordosis

A

Exaggerated lumbar curvature

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Q

Name the structure of the vertebrae that is missing

A

Pedicle

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Q

Name the structure of the vertebrae that is missing

A

Superior Articular Facet

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Q

Name the structure of the vertebrae that is missing

A

Transverse Process

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Q

Name the structure of the vertebrae that is missing

A

Lamina

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Q

Name the structure of the vertebrae that is missing

A

Spinous Process

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Q

Name the structure of the vertebrae that is missing

A

Vertebral arch

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Q

Name the structure of the vertebrae that is missing

A

Superior Articular Process

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Q

Name the structure of the vertebrae that is missing

A

Vertebral Foramen

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Q

Name the structure of the vertebrae that is missing

A

Body

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Q

Name the structure of the cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) that is missing

A

Dens of Axis

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Q

Name the structure of the cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) that is missing

A

Transverse Ligament of Atlas

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Q

Name the structure of the cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) that is missing

A

C1 (Atlas)

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Q

Name the structure of the cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) that is missing

A

C2 (Axis)

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Name the structure of the cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) that is missing

Bifid Spinous Process

Name the structure of the cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) that is missing

Transverse Process

Name the structure of the cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) that is missing

Transverse Foramen

Atlas

Holds head up

Axis

Pivot for head to turn

Jefferson Fracture

Vertical compression force from skull on Atlas (C1)

Pars Interarticularis Fracture

Traumatic hyperextension of the head on the neck can fracture the boney connection between the superior and inferior articular processes on the axis (C2)

What happens if the ligamentum flavum increases in size

Decreases size of intervertebral foramen and cause nerves/blood vessels to be pinched

Hyperextension of neck

stretch/tear to anterior longitudinal ligament and damage to intervertebral dis

Hyperflexion (whiplash) of neck

Stretch/tear on posterior longitudinal ligament and supraspinous ligament rupture and compression of intervertebral disc on anterior surface

Name the missing ligaments of the vertebral column

Facet Joint (Capsulary Ligament)

Name the missing ligaments of the vertebral column

Supraspinous Ligament

Name the missing ligaments of the vertebral column

Ligamentum Flavum

Name the missing ligaments of the vertebral column

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Name the missing ligaments of the vertebral column

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

Pars Interarticularis

Bony connection b/w superior and inferior articular processes

Spondylosis

Common at L4/L5 due to repeated stress fractures caused by back hyperextension (ex. gymnastics) -> also called the spine divide

Spondylolisthesis

Facet joint no longer holds vertebrae in place against force of bodyweight (spin slips foward)

Name the 4 groups of intrinsic back muscles

1. Respiratory 2. Spinotransversales 3. Erector Spinae 4. Transversospinales

What 2 muscles are part of the respiratory group?

1. Serratus Posterior Superior 2. Serratus Posterior Inferior

Serratus Posterior Superior function

Elevates ribs

Serratus Posterior Inferior function

Depresses ribs

What nerve innervates the respiratory group

Ventral Rami

Name the 2 muscles found in the spinotransversales group

1. Splenius Capitus 2. Splenius Cervicis

What 3 functions do the splenius capitus and splenius cervicis of the spinotransversales group do?

1. Neck extension 2. Lateral Flexion 3. Rotation

What nerve innervates the spinotransversales group

Dorsal Rami

What 3 muscles are apart of the erector spinae group?

1. Spinalis 2. Longissimus 3. Iliocostalis

What is the 2 functions of the spinalis, longissimus and iliocostalis in the erector spinae group?

1. Trunk extension 2. Lateral Flexion of trunk

What nerve innervates the erector spinae group?

Dorsal Rami

What are the 3 muscles found in the transversospinalis group

1. Semispinalis 2.Multifidus 3. Rotatores

What 3 regions can you find the semispinalis

1. Capitus 2. Cervicis 3. Thoracis

Arrange the transversospinalis group muscles in order from deep to deepest

1. Semispinalis 2. Multifidus 3. Rotatores

What are the 2 functions of the transversospinalis group

1. Trunk/neck extension 2. Trunk/neck rotation

What nerve innervates the transversospinalis group

Dorsal Rami

Name the missing regions

NAme the missing regions

Name the missing regions

Name the missing regions

What 2 muscles cause neck extension, lateral flexion, and rotation

1. Splenius Capitus 2. Splenius Cervicis

What muscle elevates the ribs

Serratus Posterior Superior

What muscle depresses the ribs

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Name the missing areas

What muscles cause trunk extension and lateral flexion of the trunk

1. Spinalis 2. Longissimus 3. Iliocostalis

Name the missing regions

What muscles cause trunk/neck extension and trunk/neck rotation?

1. Semispinalis 2. Multifidus 3. Rotatores