Lecture 6 - Shoulder and Elbow Joints

Question 1

Joints/articulations

Answer 1

Sites where 2 or more bones meet to provide stability and/ormobility to the skeleton

Question 2

How are joints classified

Answer 2

1) Functionally: Immovable, slightly movable or freely moveable
2) Structurally: Fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial

Question 3

Fibrous Joints

Answer 3

Connected by dense regular connective tissue that lack a joint cavity

Question 4

3 types of fibrous joints

Answer 4

1. Sutures
2. Syndesmoses
3. Gomphoses

Question 5

Sutures

Answer 5

Located between skull bones; immovable

Question 6

Syndesmoses

Answer 6

Connected by ligaments; movement range depends on length

Question 7

Gomphoses

Answer 7

Peg-in-socket joint for root of tooth

Question 8

Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 8

Bones united by cartilage; lack of joint cavity

Question 9

2 types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 9

1. Synchondroses
2. Symphyses

Question 10

Synchondroses

Answer 10

Hyaline cartilage; immovable

Question 11

Symphyses

Answer 11

Fibrocartilage; slightly moveable

Question 12

Synovial Joints

Answer 12

Fluid- filled joint cavity; many are freely moveable joints

Question 13

Synovial joints are described according to

Answer 13

degrees of movement or shape

Question 14

Articulating surface of bone is covered by

Answer 14

hyaline cartilage

Question 15

Synovial membrane produces

Answer 15

synovial fluid that lubricates joint

Question 16

Outer surface of synovial joints are made of

Answer 16

fibrous capsule

Question 17

What are 3 additional structures that make up synovial joints:

Answer 17

1) articular disc
2) labrum
3) burse

Question 18

T or F: Synovial joint that includes an articular disc divides the joint into two cavities, each with their own synovial membrane

Answer 18

T

Question 19

T or F: Movement at joint does not allow for great reach at upper limb

Answer 19

F, it does

Question 20

The acromioclavicular joint is weak so how is it strengthened

Answer 20

Extrinsic (coracoclavicular) ligaments

Question 21

T or F: Synovial joints permit sliding/gliding at the acromioclavicular joint

Answer 21

T

Question 22

The shoulder joint (glenohumeral) consists of

Answer 22

1) Scapula
2) Humerus
3) 4 ligaments to support shoulder joint

Question 23

What are the 4 ligaments of the shoulder joint

Answer 23

Question 24

Laxity at axillary pouch permits

Answer 24

abduction

Question 25

Coracoacromial ligament is strong and it is implications for

Answer 25

fractures

Question 26

Glenoid labrum helps to

Answer 26

Deepen the fossa for added mobility and fossa

Question 27

Label the missing parts of the shoulder joint

Answer 27

Question 28

Bursae

Answer 28

Sac-like cavities lined by a synovial membrane to reduce friction between adjacent structures

Question 29

Bursitis

Answer 29

Inflammation of the bursae

Question 30

Label the missing parts of the bursae in the shoulder joint

Answer 30

Question 31

Function of rotator cuff at shoulder joint

Answer 31

Rotator cuff muscles secure the head of the humerus to provide joint stability

Question 32

Label the missing parts of the rotator cuff

Answer 32

Question 33

How does a clavicular fracture occur

Answer 33

Fracture occurs from traumatic upward force of the humerus

Question 34

How does the acromioclavicular ligament dislocate

Answer 34

Downward/Inward force applied to acromion can rupture ligaments associated with acromioclavicular joint

Question 35

What can cause dislocation of humerus

Answer 35

LAteral rotation and excessive extension

Question 36

Label the missing elbow bones and joints

Answer 36

Question 37

What movement happens at the ulnar-humeral joint

Answer 37

Flexion/extension

Question 38

What movement occurs at the radio-humeral joint

Answer 38

Flexion/extension

Question 39

What movement occurs at the proximal radio-ulnar joint

Answer 39

Pronation/supination

Question 40

Label the missing ligaments of the elbow

Answer 40

Question 41

What are the 3 ligaments of the elbow

Answer 41

1. Ulnar collateral Ligament (Superior, Oblique, and inferior) 2. Annular Ligament 3. Radial Collateral Ligament

Question 42

Function of the ulnar collateral ligament

Answer 42

Superior and oblique provide stability to medial elbow while the inferior deepens socket for the trochlea of the humerus (better stability than what bones can provide themselves in the olecranon process)

Question 43

Function of the annular ligament

Answer 43

Allows pivoting of head of radius in radial-ulnar joint