Lecture 20: Abdomen (Wall + Cavity)

Question 1

___ is the superior boundary of the abdomen while ____ is in the inferior boundary of the abdomen

Answer 1

• Thoraco-abdominal diaphragm (attaches to inferior thoracic aperture)
• Pelvic Inlet

Question 2

The Abdominal____ contains muscle and encloses the abdominal cavity

Answer 2

Abdominal Wall

Question 3

Functions of Abdomen?

Answer 3

1. Protects viscera
2. Posture and position
3. Respiration (expands and contracts thorax)
4. Increase abdominal pressure
   - Defecation
   - Micturition
   - Parturition

Question 4

The abdomen is divided into four quadrants by the intersection of two planes: a ____ plane through the umbilicus and a ____ plane

Answer 4

transverse plane; mid-sagittal plane

Question 5

_____ is a part of the abdominal surface anatomy formed by costal cartilages of ribs 6-10; forms part of the inferior thoracic aperture

Answer 5

Costal Margin

Question 6

What are the two attachment sites for inguinal ligament?

Answer 6

1) Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
2) Pubic Tubercle

Question 7

True or False: The umbilicus is located at ~L3-4

Answer 7

True

Question 8

The abdomen is divided into four quadrants by the intersection of two plane: a ___ plane through the umbilicus and a ____ plane

Answer 8

transverse; mid-sagittal

Question 9

The abdomen is lined by skin and superficial fascia. In the abdomen, the superficial fascia consists of two layer:

1) _____: superficial, fatty layer (usually thicker)

2) ____: deep, membranous layer (usually thinner)

Answer 9

1) Camper’s Fascia
2) Scarpa’s Fascia

Question 10

True or False: Both Camper’s Fascia and Scarpa’s Fascia are continous with fascial layers in the perineum

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What type of abdominal muscles are the psoas major, quadratus lumborum, and ilacus?
A. Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles
B. Anterolateral Abdominal Wall Muscles

Answer 11

A. Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles

Question 12

Which THREE posterior abdominal muscles reinforce the abdominal wall?

Answer 12

1) Iliacus
2) Psoas major
3) Quadratus Lumborum

Question 13

Which TWO posterior abdominal muscles produce movements in the lower limb?

Answer 13

1) Iliacus
2) Psoas Major

Question 14

The anterolateral abdominal wall consists of ___ layers of flat, obliquely-oriented muscles (laterally) AND ___ vertical muscle (medially)

Answer 14

three; one

Question 15

What three muscles make up the flat, obliquely oriented m. of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

Answer 15

1) External abdominal oblique m.
2) Internal abdominal oblique m.
3) Transversus abdominus m.

Question 16

External Abdominal Oblique m. has muscle fibers that course in the ____ direction while the Internal Abdominal Oblique m. has muscle fibers that course in the ____ direction

Answer 16

External Oblique m. = Infero-medial
Internal Oblique m. = Supero-medial

Question 17

Which flat muscle is the most superficial? Which is the most deep?

Answer 17

Most superficial = external abdominal oblique m.

Most deep = transversus abdominus m.

Question 18

Each abdominal oblique muscle forms an aponeurosis in which two directions?

Answer 18

Medially and Inferiorly

Question 19

The aponeuroses formed by each abdominal m. come together to form the ____

Answer 19

rectus sheath

Question 20

Which flat m. does the rectus sheath surround?

Answer 20

The rectus abdominus m.

Question 21

The inferior margin of the external abdominal oblique m. forms the inguinal ___ → inguinal ____→ spermatic cord (males) + uterus ligament (females)

Answer 21

inguinal ligament; inguinal canal

Question 22

Which ligament helps form the inguinal canal?

Answer 22

Inguinal Ligament

Question 23

____ is a passageway from the abdominal cavity to the abdominal wall

Answer 23

Inguinal Canal

Question 24

True or False: The Inguinal canal transmits the spermatic cord in males and the round ligament of the uterus in females

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is the benefit of having varying directions of muscle fibers in the layers of flat m?

Answer 25

Helps strengthen abdominal wall (because each layer can resist pressure in different direction)

Question 26

____: long, paired, flat m that extends the length of anterior abdominal wall (from sternum to pelvis)

Answer 26

Rectus abdominus

Question 27

Each rectus abdominus m. contains __ tendinous intersections

Answer 27

3-4 tendinous intersections

Question 28

The right and left rectus abdominus m. are separated in the midline by the _____, which consists of the aponeuroses of all of the abdominal oblique m.

Answer 28

Linea Alba

Question 29

The posterior layer of the rectus sheath ends at the _____

Answer 29

arcuate line

Question 30

Inferior to the arcuate line, the anterior abdominal wall is only separated from the abdominal cavity by a thin layer of fascia known as the ______

Answer 30

transversalis fascia

Question 31

True or False: The abdominal WALL is continuous inferiorly with the pelvic cavity; the continuous cavity is often referred to as the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 31

False - the abdominal CAVITY is continuous inferiorly with the pelvic cavity; the continuous cavity is often referred to as the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 32

What is the name of the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity?

Answer 32

Peritoneum

Question 33

Identify the peritoneum: 1) ________: outer layer, surrounds wall of abdominal layer 2) ________: inner layer; surrounds abdominal organs

Answer 33

1) Parietal Peritoneum 2) Visceral Peritoneum

Question 34

What is the function of the serous fluid of the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 34

Allows organs to move freely + change shape

Question 35

Which viscera is suspended within the peritoneal cavity by mesentaries (folds of peritoneum)? A. Secondarily Retroperitonal Viscera B. Intraperitonal Viscera C. Retroperitonal Viscera

Answer 35

B. Intraperitonal Viscera

Question 36

____ convery neurovasculature and lymphatics to/from organs they suspend

Answer 36

Mesentery

Question 37

Which viscera is located outside of the peritoneal cavity? A. Secondarily Retroperitonal Viscera B. Intraperitonal Viscera C. Retroperitonal Viscera

Answer 37

C. Retroperitonal Viscera

Question 38

Which viscera is suspended by mesentery early in development, but later loses their mesenetaries and fuses with abdominal wall? A. Secondarily Retroperitonal Viscera B. Intraperitonal Viscera C. Retroperitonal Viscera

Answer 38

A. Secondarily Retroperitonal Viscera

Question 38

Which viscera is suspended by mesentery early in development, but later loses their mesenetaries and fuses with abdominal wall? A. Secondarily Retroperitonal Viscera B. Intraperitonal Viscera C. Retroperitonal Viscera

Answer 38

A. Secondarily Retroperitonal Viscera

Question 39

____: is a large, apron-like omentum that drapes over the small intestine and attaches to the transverse colon A. Greater Omentum B. Intermediate Omentum C. Lesser Omentum D. Omenta

Answer 39

Greater Omentum

Question 40

____: double layers of peritoneum; connects stomach and first part of small intestine to other structure in the abdominal cavity A. Greater Omentum B. Intermediate Omentum C. Lesser Omentum D. Omenta

Answer 40

D. Omenta

Question 41

Which omentum connects to the liver? A. Greater Omentum B. Intermediate Omentum C. Lesser Omentum D. Omenta

Answer 41

C. Lesser Omentum

Question 42

Which omentum divides the peritoneal cavity into two parts: the Lesser Sac and Greater Sac? A. Greater Omentum B. Intermediate Omentum C. Lesser Omentum D. Omenta

Answer 42

C. Lesser Omentum

Question 43

Compare and contrast the Lesser and Greater Sac (of the Lesser Omentum)

Answer 43

Lesser Sac - smaller, between stomach and liver Greater Sac - larger

Question 44

True or False: The gallbladder, liver, and sphincter of oddi are accessory digestive organs

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Where are the adrenal glands located?

Answer 45

Adjacent to kidney

Question 46

Where are the inferior portion of ureter and the urinary bladder located?

Answer 46

Pelvic cavity

Question 47

What eight organs make up the intraperitoneal viscera? (hint: PEG S3, L2)

Answer 47

Pancrease Esophagous Gallbladder Small Intestines Spleen Stomach Large Intestines Liver

Question 48

What three organs/glands make up the retroperitoneal viscera?

Answer 48

1) Ureters 2) Adrenal Glands 3) Kidneys

Question 49

What three organs make up the secondarily retroperitoneal viscera?

Answer 49

Large Intestines Pancreas Small Intestines

Question 50

Which two organs are present in both the upper quadrants?

Answer 50

Liver and Pancreas

Question 51

True or False: Parts of the small and large intestines occupy ALL four quadrants

Answer 51

True

Question 52

The ureter is located in which two quadrants?

Answer 52

LLQ/RLQ

Question 53

The spleen and stomach are only located in the ___ quadrant The gallbladder is only located in the ___ quadrant

Answer 53

LUQ RUQ