Lecture 7_Updated

Question 1

What segments of the spinal cord contain the lateral horn?

Answer 1

T1-L2; S2-4 ONLY

Question 2

What type of neuron cell bodies are found in the dorsal root ganglia?

Answer 2

Sensory neurons (Pseudounipolar)

Question 3

How do afferent fibers exit the ganglion? Where do afferent fibers synapse?

Answer 3

Dorsal rootlets
Dorsal Horn

Question 4

What type of neuron cell bodies are found in the ventral horns?

Answer 4

Somatic motor neurons

Question 5

How do efferent neurons exit the spinal cord?

Answer 5

As ventral rootlets (unite to form ventral root)

Question 6

True or False: Dorsal Rootlets and Dorsal Root Ganglia are on the same side while Ventral Rootlets and Ventral Root are on opposite sides

Answer 6

True

Question 7

How do pre-ganglionic visceromotor fibers exit the spinal cord?

Answer 7

Via ventral rootlets

Question 8

How do pre-ganglionic fibers from the lateral horn join the spinal nerve?

Answer 8

Ventral root

Question 9

The pre-ganglionic neurons in the lateral horn travels via the ____ to reach the chain ganglia (T1-L2)

Answer 9

white rami communicans

Question 10

How do post-ganglionic fibers return to the spinal nerve?

Answer 10

Via grey rami communicans

Question 11

True or False: There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, all of which contain both motor and sensory fibers

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What type of matter contains myelinated axons/glial cells AND has funiculi (anterior, posterior, and lateral) and anterior white commisure?

Answer 12

White matter

Question 13

What type of matter contains neuronal cell bodies and contains grey commisure and horns (ventral, lateral, and dorsal)?

Answer 13

Grey matter

Question 14

Which grey matter horn contains the cell bodies of sympathetic neurons and visceromotor fibers?

Answer 14

Lateral Horn

Question 15

Which horn contains the cell body of interneurons and axons of sensory neurons?

Answer 15

Dorsal Horn

Question 16

True or False: The central canal contains CSF and is a remnant of neural tube

Answer 16

True

Question 17

____ nerves exit ABOVE named vertebrate, while all other spinal nerves emerge below named vertebrate

Answer 17

Cervical

Question 18

____: area of skin that a single nerve innervates
____: muscles a single spinal nerve innervates

Answer 18

Dermatome
Myotome

Question 19

The Cervical Plexus ranges from ___ while the Brachial Plexus ranges from ____

Answer 19

Cervical plexus: C1-5
Brachial plexus: C5-T1

Question 20

The Lumbar Plexus ranges from ____ while the Sacral Plexus ranges from _____

Answer 20

Lumbar plexus: L1-4
Sacral plexus: L4-S4

Question 21

Which plexus innervates the posterior head, neck, and diaphragm?

Which plexus innervates the pelvic, gluteal, posterior thigh, leg/foot?

Answer 21

Cervical Plexus
Sacral Plexus

Question 22

Which plexus innervates abdominal, pelvic, anterior/medial thigh?

Which plexus innervates the shoulder, axilla, and upper limbs?

Answer 22

Lumbar Plexus
Brachial Plexus

Question 23

True or False: Ventral rami in cervical region form cervical and brachial plexuses

Answer 23

True

Question 24

____ Ventral Rami does not form plexus

Answer 24

Thoracic

Question 25

T1 splits into ___ and ____

Answer 25

brachial plexus (large) and 1st intercostal nerve (small)

Question 26

T2-T6 innervates which nerve? T7-11 innervates which nerve? T12 innervates which nerve?

Answer 26

T2-6: 2-6th intercostal nerve T7-11: Thoracoabdominal nerve T12: Subcostal nerve

Question 27

How are spinal nerves formed?

Answer 27

Union of dorsal and ventral roots

Question 28

What two branches do spinal nerves form?

Answer 28

1) Dorsal Rami 2) Ventral Rami

Question 29

Which spinal nerve division send motor signals to the deep back muscles and receives sensory info from those muscles?

Answer 29

Dorsal Rami

Question 30

Which rami (ventral or dorsal) branches to form plexuses?

Answer 30

Ventral Rami

Question 31

Where does a lumbar puncture occur?

Answer 31

Lumbar cistern (L3-4)

Question 32

Where does C1 exit? Where does C8 exit?

Answer 32

C1: Between occipital/atlas C8: Between C7 and T1

Question 33

S1-4 divide into ___ and ___ rami while still inside the sacral canal

Answer 33

ventral; dorsal

Question 34

S5 innervates which nerve?

Answer 34

Coccygeal nerve (sacral hiatus)

Question 35

True or False: T1 nerve co-emerge inferior to pedicles of respective vertebrate

Answer 35

True

Question 36

True or False: The vertebral column and dura lengthen slower than the neural tube

Answer 36

False - the vertebral column and dura lengthen faster than the neural tube

Question 37

Where does the spinal cord end in a newborn vs. adult?

Answer 37

Newborn = L3-4 Adult = L1-2

Question 38

What two specialized pia structures help anchor and protect the spinal cord?

Answer 38

Denticulate ligaments and Filum Terminale

Question 39

What structure connects outer dura with inner pia mater?

Answer 39

Arachnoid trabeculae

Question 40

____: Potential space between dura and arachnoid

Answer 40

Subdural space

Question 41

_____: space between arachnoid and pia; contains CSF

Answer 41

Subarachnoid space

Question 42

_____: theoretical space between dura and vertebral wall, contains internal vertebral plexuses, epidural fat, and dura mater

Answer 42

Epidural space

Question 43

The Posterior Median Sulcus contains ___ while the Posteriolateral Sulcus contains ____

Answer 43

Posterior Median Sulcus = posterior spinal vein Posteriolateral Sulcus = posterior spinal arteries

Question 44

The Anterior Longitudinal (Median) Fissure contains _____ and is lined by the linea splendens

Answer 44

Anterior spinal artery

Question 45

True or False: White Matter contains neuronal cell bodies

Answer 45

False - gray matter contains neuronal cell bodies