Lab Quiz 1

Question 1

Epithelium is separated from underlying connective tissue by ____ ____

Answer 1

basement membrane

Question 2

True or False: Epithelial cells are non-polar

Answer 2

False - they are polar

Question 3

True or False: Basement membrane of epithelium separates it from and anchors it to underlying connective tissue

Answer 3

True

Question 4

True or False: Epithelial cells are avascular

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Where does the apical side of epithelium face? Basal domain?

Answer 5

Apical side face extracellular environment while basal domain is in tact with underlying connective tissue

Question 6

What type of junctions are found at the APICAL surfaces of epithelial cells and are associated with the fusion of adjacent plasmalemmas?

Answer 6

Tight junctions (ZO)

Question 7

What cell junction in epithelial cells has a small intercellular space and has a dark, thick plaque in the cytoplasm of each cell adjacent to junction?

Answer 7

Desmosome

Question 8

Which type of epithelium consist of a single layer of cells? One example is the endothelium of arteries and veins.

Answer 8

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 9

______ epithelium is formed by a single layer of cube shaped cells. Cells are as wide as they are tall. Nucleus is usually round and centrally located. This cell type is commonly found in ducts.

Answer 9

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 10

_____ ____ epithelium is formed by a single layer of columnar cells. Cells are taller than they are wide. Large nuclei are usually oval and located near base of cell. May have brush or striated border on apical surface, which contain microvilli. These cells are found in intestinal mucosa.

Answer 10

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 11

________ epithelium is a single layer of cells of different shapes. Nuclei appear at different levels, so epithelium appears layer when it is not. This type of epithelium is commonly associated with CILLIA forming a ciliated border on apical side. These cells are found in olfactory regions.

Answer 11

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 12

_____ epithelium is stratified. It has umbrella cells on luminal surface. Surface cells have rounded appearance, appear bulging. Cells are binucleated. Basal cells contain stem cells.

Answer 12

Transitional Epithelium

Question 13

Where are transitional epithelium (uroepithelilum) commonly found?

Answer 13

Bladder mucosa

Question 14

Where is stratified squamous epithelium commonly found?

Answer 14

Oral cavity mucosa

Question 15

______ epithelium has many layers. Basal cells are cuboidal but cells next to lumen are flat/squamous. Cells in intervening layers change shape (cuboidal to squamous). This type of epithelium can be non-keratinized (meaning: nuclei found in ALL cells layers) or keratinized (layer of dead cells on luminal surface)

Answer 15

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 16

What cell type is found in the surface layer of skin (aka: epithelium of epidermis)?

Answer 16

Stratified squamous epithelium - keratinized

Question 17

What type of epithelium has a top layer on its luminal surface that is made of dead cells (top layer may appear shredded since this layer has no nuclei)

Answer 17

Stratified squamous epithelium keratinized

Question 18

Stratified cuboidal epithelium is usually made up of only __ layers of cells. Cells in both layers are ___ in shape.

Answer 18

Two; cuboidal

Question 19

Stratified columnar epithelium is made up of layers of cells, with the luminal (top) layer of cells ___ in shape

Answer 19

columnar

Question 20

Which fibers are the most abundant in connective tissue? What are they made of?

Answer 20

Collagen Fibers
-Made of collagen type I

Question 21

Elongated nuclei are associated with ___ fibers

Answer 21

collagen

Question 22

Collagen bundles are __ organized

Answer 22

randomly

Question 23

Elastic fibers usually appear as random ___ strands

Answer 23

single

Question 24

Elastic fibers can also lie parallel in large numbers, forming an ___ or ____, as seen in walls of arteries

Answer 24

elastic sheet; elastic lamina

Question 25

_____ , which are cells of the connective tissue, have an abundant and irregularly branched cytoplasm. They make collagen and are frequently found adjacent to collagen bundles.

Answer 25

Fibroblasts

Question 26

____ are spherical or polyhedral in shape and have a thin rim of cytoplasm surrounding a large vacuole. The vacuole contains lipid droplet.

Answer 26

Adipose (fat cells)

Question 27

What type of connective tissue is found UNDER epithelium (lamina propria), between muscle cells, and around blood vessels and nerves? Note: these cells have a lot of GROUND SUBSTANCE and fewer fibers.

Answer 27

Loose (areolar) CT

Question 28

The most numerous cell in loose connective tissue are ___. Collagen is present but does not predominate.

Answer 28

fibroblasts

Question 29

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue has the same components as Loose Connective Tissue, but there are fewer ____ and ___ fibers dominate.

Answer 29

cells (fibroblasts) collagen note: collagen bundles arranged without definite orientation

Question 30

What type of connective tissue is found in dermis?

Answer 30

Dense, irregular CT

Question 31

What type of connective tissue is found in TENDONS and has collagen bundles arranged in PARALLEL with fibroblasts aligned in rows next to collagen bundles?

Answer 31

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Question 32

_____ connective tissue is a specialized connective tissue predominantely made up adipose cells. The cells are separated by fine CT network containing blood vessels and reticular fibers.

Answer 32

Adipose Connective Tissue

Question 33

____ are cells in the shape of biconcave discs that are devoid of organelles. The cell cytoplasm contains Hb.

Answer 33

RBC's

Question 34

Peripheral Blood Smear will contain predominately ___ with a few mature ____. The majority of cells with be ____

Answer 34

RBC's ; leukocytes Anucleated

Question 35

___ matrix consists of extracellular fibers and ground substance that surrounds chondrocytes

Answer 35

Cartilage Matrix

Question 36

______ are cavities in the cartilage matrix. Each ___ contains a chondrocyte and is surrounded by matrix.

Answer 36

Lacunae

Question 37

___ are cells that begin to SYNTHESIZE cartilage matrix while ___ are constituent cells of the cartilage that are embedded in ECM that they secrete.

Answer 37

Chondroblasts; chondrocytes

Question 38

What type of bone tissue consists of thin bone trabeculae that are occupied by bone marrow and blood vessels?

Answer 38

Spongey (trabecular, cancellous) bone

Question 39

____ of bone: small spike or needle shaped pieces of bone that connect in spongy bone to form bone scaffolding. They are composed of lamellar bone. The large ones may contain osteons.

Answer 39

Trabeculae of Bone

Question 40

What type of bone has dense areas without cavities?

Answer 40

Compact Bone

Question 41

_____ are cylindrical structures that run parallalel to the long axis of the bone

Answer 41

Osteon/Haversian System

Question 42

Each osteon is formed by a complex of concentric lamellae of bone which surrounds a central canal and the ___ canal

Answer 42

Haversian

Question 43

____ are the small dark lines that run transversely across lamellae

Answer 43

Caniculi

Question 44

___ are cells that make organic components of bone. When they are active, they appear as ___ or ___ cells

Answer 44

osteoblasts; cuboidal or columnar cells

Question 45

____ are derived from osteoblasts and lie in the bone ____ between adjacent lamellae of bone

Answer 45

osteocytes; lacunae

Question 46

True or False: Only 1 osteocyte is found in each lacuna

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Osteocytes communicate with each other by sending long processes located in the ____

Answer 47

canaliculi

Question 48

True or False: Skeletal muscle is striated and has multiple nuclei in periphery

Answer 48

True

Question 49

___is the smallest repetitive subunit of the contractile appartus in skeletal muscle. A ___ runs from Z line to Z line.

Answer 49

Sarcomere

Question 50

In skeletal muscle ____ is the dark band, consists of myosin with some overlapping actin

Answer 50

A band

Question 51

In skeletal muscle, ____ is the lighter region in the middle of the A band. It is an area where ONLY myosin is present.

Answer 51

H band

Question 52

In skeletal muscle ____ Band is the lighter band that consists of actin filaments

Answer 52

I Band

Question 53

____ Line is the dark line seen in the middle of the I Band. It represents the anchoring point of the actin filaments of two adjacent sarcomeres.

Answer 53

Z Line

Question 54

True or False: Skeletal muscle has multiple myofibrils within each muscle cell and peripheral nuclei

Answer 54

True

Question 55

Cardiac muscle, like skeletal, is striated. It has cells called "fibers." Cells branch and are connected by dark transverse lines known as ____ ___

Answer 55

Intercalated discs

Question 56

True or false: In cardiac muscle, nuclei are peripherally located

Answer 56

False - nuclei are centrally located

Question 57

___ muscle, or fibers, are long, spindle shaped cells with THICK middles and tapered ends. Cytoplasm LACKS striations. It has a single centrally located nucleus.

Answer 57

Smooth

Question 58

_____ Junction consists of teased skeletal muscle fibers. Nerve can be seen as ___ structure. Nervous tissue stains dark brown or black.

Answer 58

NM Junction

Question 59

Nervous Tissue is supported by ___

Answer 59

glia

Question 60

The cell body of the neuron is called the ___ or soma

Answer 60

perikaryon

Question 61

In the neuron, the perikaryon contains large nucleus and many ____ and polyribosomes. These organelles stain DARK BLUE in the cytoplasm and are known as _____ (NB)

Answer 61

rough ER; Nissl substance

Question 62

What type of neuron has a SINGLE process (which later divides into an axon and dendrite) and is housed in dorsal root ganglia - in the PNS?

Answer 62

Pseudounipolar neurons

Question 63

Each dorsal root ganglia houses thousand of ____ and ____ cells, which are a type of glial cells found in peripheral ganglia.

Answer 63

pseudounipolar neurons; satellite cells

Question 64

A ____ is a cluster of neuronal bodies outside of the CNS. It belongs to the peripheral nervous system and can be either ___ or ____

Answer 64

ganglia ; sensory ganglia or autonomic ganglia

Question 65

Sensory ganglia houses ____ while autonomic ganglia houses is made of ____ neurons

Answer 65

pseudounipolar neurons; multipolar

Question 66

True or False: Sensory ganglia are associated with spinal nerves and some cranial nerves

Answer 66

True

Question 67

What type of neurons are almost always seen as peripheral neuroreceptors and are associated with special senses?

Answer 67

Bipolar Neurons

Question 68

What neurons are the MOST common and are characterized as having a SINGLE axon and multiple dendrites?

Answer 68

Multipolar Neurons

Question 69

What are three types of supporting glial cells?

Answer 69

1) Microglia 2) Astrocytes 3) Oligodendrites

Question 70

What cells are responsible for forming myelin sheath in CNS?

Answer 70

Oligodendrites

Question 71

What cells are the largest glial cells?

Answer 71

Astrocytes

Question 72

___ are small phagocytic cells w hyperchromatic nuclei.

Answer 72

Microglia

Question 73

What type of cells surround and support unmyelinated axons in the PNS?

Answer 73

Schwann cells

Question 74

___ is a group of neurons in the PNS

Answer 74

Ganglion

Question 75

___ cells surround and nourish nerve cell bodies in ganglia

Answer 75

Satellite cells