Lecture 23 Flashcards
Point of this lecture
Increase E(dominance) hereafter called SC-social courage
Pam actress endorses this
Why is reaching a threshold of social courage important?
Positive affect system
Extraversion influences the PAS. You feel good and you can make others feel good. So you will have more SWB.
Prof thinks the mechanism for this is that we can act when we want, which requires SC
Self-esteem and social inclusion
SE is a sociometer
Tells us when we need to step up cos we are being excluded
To act on this we need SC
Free Trai Theory
We can act outside of aour traits when an important goal comes up
This requires SC to force ourselves to do so
Uninhibited expression of motives
Low E would result in blocked Power and Intimacy motivations
We need SC for these
Exploration efforts for identity
The benefits from the exploration and choosing of identity come from the exploration phase. This requires SC
Attachment relationships
To make these you have to have SC to start the process
Autonomous self-regulation
No autonomy without SC
You cannot act according to your values
Life story - things actually happen
In order to make a life story narrative things have to happen to you! These require SC
Someone at the low end is in trouble
Do not totally accept yourself
ALL L2 and 3 constructs require SC
Sort your shit out
Power posing
P hocked with small sample
Publicized excessively
Ended her career
Good.
Did not replicate and is not a real thing
Acting extraverted and its benefits
117 Carleton uni students
Pre assessed extraversion
3 person group chat of 20 mins
Each assigned to a condition
Extrovert
Introvert
Neutral (act normally)
Affective reaction? Extroverts all felt better, Introverts all felt worse
Stroop task to assess cognitive fatigue
Those doing the opposite of their traits did worse
Cost and benefit of acting extroverts
Measure E
Randomly assign ptps to 1 week of acting Sham (introverted plus other things) or extraverted
Measure positive affect and negative affect 6 times a day
Also measured authenticity and tiredness
2 week post-intervention follow up
RESULTS
Acting extraverted lead to higher positive affect and authenticity across the groups as a while
BUT introverted ptps acting extroverted found
Increased negative affect
Increased tiredness
Decreased authenticity
So this method probably does not help introverts
Increasing social confidence/assertiveness
Part 1, Premise and prior studies
How do our beliefs about aspect of our personality influence our adaptation and growth?
Premise:
Personality can be changed
Beliefs, cognitions can change the way people express their personality and maybe their personality
These beliefs are changeable
ORIGINAL IDEA was with kids and intelligence,
Assessed how kids thought about their intelligence (fixed to changeable)
Found the belief in incremental (malleable) intelligence was linked with Openness to learn Willingness to confront challenge Ability to stick with difficult tasks Capability to bounce back from failure
Increasing social confidence/assertiveness
Part 2, Extending this to social behaviour (shyness)
Research done on SHYNESS, the subset on introversion which is likely a bit on the anxiety scale
It is also a bit of a phobia, people use avoidance strategies to keep themselves from situations where their shyness might
110 students recruited
Level of shyness and beliefs about shyness recruited
3x 5 min interactions with a new student they never met
“get acquainted with one another”
RESULTS
Private (self-reported) nervousness
Everyone who is shy is more nervous than non-shy
Those with incremental (malleable) beliefs about their shyness are lower vs those with fixed beliefs
Public (observer reported) shyness
Cannot even tell the shy group who believed their shyness was changeable was shy
Can tell the fixed shyness people were shy
Lynn Alden’s social anxiety
Behaviour experiments to expose to situations works
Reduce safety behaviors
Safety behaviors are things people do to minimize negative outcomes (sort of sneakily get to do the thing they are cared of while avoiding part of it). Stops them from ever confronting their anciety and learning they can do it.
ICBT helps 90% of social anxiety pt’s
Key is not the exposure to feared situations but change from safety to mastery behaviors
People know what their safety behaviors are
The also overestimate the visibility of their anxiety
Key to changing E(dominance)
Belief that it can be changed
Challenge safety behaviors
Changing other traits
1st step is to adopt a growth mindset
A - positive psychology interventions
Acts of kindness, daily gratitude
N - CBT
Mindfulness
Reduce harsh cognitions
C - motivational strategies to improve self-control
Strategies to improve goal setting
