Lecture 25 and 26 Flashcards by Trevor Losego

Main three ligament of the joint capsule of the hip?

Iliofemoral = AIIS to intertrochanteric line

pubofemoral = pubic bone to femur

ischofemoral = ischium to femur

aid in the prevention of hyperextension

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Coxa vera and Coxa valga

coxa vera = A fracture in the femur that has lead to a decrease in angle, thus a shorter leg

coxa valga = a greater angle

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tensor fasciae lata

function: abducts the femur and stabilizes the knee in extension
nerve: superior gluteal nerve

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Gluteus maximus

function: extends the flexed femur
innervation: inferior gluteal nerve

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Gluteus medius

function: abducts the femur and medially rotates the thigh
innervation: superior gluteal nerve

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gluteus minimus

function: abducts the femur and medially rotates the thigh
innervation: superior gluteal nerve

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Gemellus superior

Function: lateral rotation and abduction of the flexed femur

innervation: nerve to the obturator internus

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Obturator internus

function: lateral rotation of the thigh and abduction of the flexed femur
innervation: nerve to obturator internus

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piriformis

function: abduction of the flexed femur and lateral rotation of the thigh
innervation: nerve to piriformis (S1 and S2)

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gemellus inferior

function: lateral rotation of the thigh and abduction of the flexed femur
innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris

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Quadratus femoris

function: lateral rotation of the thigh
innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris

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positive trendelenburg sign

injured superior gluteal nerve
thus one side of the pelvis is unsupported and thus drops when standing and walking

waddling gait or trendelenburg gait

normally the gluteus medius and minimus prevent the tipping of the pelvis

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anterior compartment of the thigh

femoral nerve

flexors of the thigh and extends the knee

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posterior compartment of the the thigh

sciatic nerve

extend the thigh and flex the knee

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medial compartment of the thigh

obturator nerve

adduction of the thigh

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make up the hamstrings or posterior compartment 
function and innervation? blood?

semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris

function: flexes the knee and extends the thigh
innervated by the sciatic nerve
blood: branches of the deep femoral artery

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sensory nerve of the posterior thigh?

posterior femoral cutaneous (S1-S3)

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What makes up the quadriceps?

function? innervation? blood?

rectus femoris: flexes the thigh at the hip and extends the leg at the knee

vastus intermedius
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis

extends the leg at the knee

innervation: femoral nerve
blood: femoral artery and branches

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Iliopsoas

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innervated by anterior rami L1-L3 / femoral nerve

flexes the thigh at the hip

femoral artery and branches

sartorius

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innervated by the femoral nerve

flexes the thigh at the hip
and extends the leg at the knee

femoral artery and branches

Medial compartment of the thigh

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adductor longus and adductor brevis:
obturator nerve and artery
adducts and medially rotates the thigh

adductor magnus:
adductor part is obturator nerve

hamstring part:
sciatic nerve
adducts and medially rotates the thigh

pectineus, gracilis, and obturator externus

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medial compartment of the thigh

pectineus:
femoral and obturator nerve
adducts and flexes thigh at hip

gracilis:
obturator nerve
adducts the thigh and flexes leg at the knee

obturator externus:
obturator nerve
lateral rotation of the thigh

femoral hernia?

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will be present below in the inguinal ligament

femoral sheath

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contains femoral artery, vein, and femoral canal (lymph nodes)

femoral nerve is not in this area (lateral)

femoral triangle border and contents

superior: inguinal ligament medial: adductor longus (medial side) lateral: medial border of sartorius roof: fascia lata floor: pectineus, ilipsoas, adductor longus contains: femoral nerve femoral sheath lymph nodes

Adductor canal

femoral artery, vein, and saphenous nerve

The ligaments of the knee

tibial collateral ligament = medial fibular collateral ligament = lateral patellar ligament: continuation of the quidreps femoris tendon anterior cruciate ligament: prevents anterior displacement of the tibia and posterior displacement of the femur posterior cruciate ligament: prevents posterior displacement of the tibia and anterior displacement odf the femur

genu varus and genu valgus

genu varus: bowing of the knees genu valgus: knocking knees

Knee injuries: unhappy triad

excessive force to the lateral side of the knee 1. medial collateral (most common) 2. anterior cruciate 3. medial or lateral meniscus

leg compartments?

anterior: extensor compartment deep fibular nerve dorsiflexion and inversion posterior: flexors tibial nerve plantarflexion of the foot and inversion lateral: superficial fibular nerve eversion of the foot

gastrocnemius

tibial nerve plantar flex the foot and flex the knee

plantaris

tibial nerve plantar flex the food and flex the knee

soleus

tibial nerve plantar flexes the foot

popliteal fossa

a diamond shaped space behind the knee joint contents: tibial and common fibular nerves popliteal vein and artery

popliteus:

tibial nerve unlocks the knee

flexor digitorium longus (foot)

tibial nerve | flex the toes

tibialis posterior

tibial nerve | plantar flexion and inversion of foot

flexor hallucis longus

tibial nerve | flex the big toe

extensor digitorium longus

deep fibular nerve dorsiflexion of foot and extension of toes

fibularis tertius

deep fibular nerve dorsiflexion of foot and eversion of foot

tibialis anterior

deep fibular nerve dorsiflexsion and inversion of foot

extensor hallucis longus

deep fibular nerve dorsiflexion of foot and extension of big toe

extensor digitorum brevis

deep fibular nerve extension of toes

extensor hallucis brevis

deep fibular nerve extension of MTPJ of big toe

fibularis longus | fibularis brevis

superficial fibular nerve eversion

tibial nerve injury

patient is unable to plantar flex their ankle and cannot flex toes loss of sensation on the sole of foot paralysis of flexor muscles

fibular nerve injury

foot drop will be seen: loss of dorsiflexion and unopposed inversion

Lecture 25 and 26 Flashcards

(47 cards)