Lecture 3 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the functions of cartilage?
- confers shape, flexibility, and elasticity
- shock absorber
- tensile strength
- model for long bone formation
characterize the chondroblasts?
chrondrogenic cells give rise to this type of cell
these cells are located just beneath the perichondrium
chondroblasts are ovoid and positioned in a specific way
What do chrondroblasts do?
they synthesize cartilage matrix
What is the space called that chondroblasts occupy?
lacuna
Explain chrondocytes?
These are matured chondroblasts
they are located deeper than the chondroblasts and are more spherical
they form isogenous groups
Explain chondroclasts?
originate from monocytes
their role is to remodel cartilage
What does a TEM of a chondrocyte look like?
irregular chondrocyte surface
extensive golgi and rER
euchromatic nucleus
lipid droplets and glycogen deposits
the ECM of cartilage?
makes up 95 percent of cartilage volume
composed of amorphous ground substance and type II fibers
A lot of GAGs and proteoglycans
What are three types of matrix?
- capsular matrix - matrix adjacent to the chondrocyte
- territorial matrix - matrix found around isogenous groups
- interterritorial matrix - matrix in-between isogenous groups
What is the composition of the capsular matrix?
Highest concentration of sulfated proteoglycans,
hyaluronan, biglycans, and several multiadhesive
glycoproteins.
Less collagen fibers
Basophilic staining with H/E
What is the composition of the interterritorial matrix?
A mixture between territorial and capsular
What is the composition of the territorial matrix?
Randomly arranged network of type II collagen fibrils
with smaller quantities of type IX collagen.
Lower concentration of sulfated proteoglycans
Less basophilic than the capsular matrix
What is the perichondrium? what are the two layers?
connective tissue that covers the entire cartilage
two layers:
- outer fibrous layer
- inner cellular layer
explain the outer fibrous layer of the perichondrium?
contain fibroblasts
type I collagen
blood vessels
What is the inner cellular layer of the perichondrium?
source of chondroblasts
What are the three types of cartilage?
- hyaline
- elastic
- fibrocartilage
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
nose
tracheal and bronchial rings
fetal skeleton
epiphyseal growth plate
laryngeal cartilages
all about hyaline cartilage?
histogenesis: mesenchymal cells
cells: chondroblasts and chondrocytes
ECM: type II fibers and GAGs
growth: appositional and interstitial
degeneration: does not readily degenerate
calcification: calcifies- bone formation and aging
What is the function of hyaline cartilage:
- support
- cushioning
- shock absorber
- growth plate
- model for bone formation
What is appositional growth?
occurs from chondrogenic cells in the perichondrium differentiating into chondroblasts, forming a new
layer of cartilage around the periphery of the existing cartilage
What is interstitial growth?
occurs only in young cartilage from cell divisions within the cartilage
What is regeneration like in hyaline cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage regenerates very poorly and often the perichondrium forms scar tissue
What is articular cartilage?
A type of hyaline cartilage found at articular surfaces
does not have a perichondrium
What are the four regions of articular cartilage?
- tangential layer
- transitional layer
- radial layer
- calcified cartilage
