Lecture 11 + DLA 45 Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are the three types of odontoid fractures?
type I, II, and III
What is a type I odontoid fracture?
It is a fracture of the superior part of the dens
it is rare and potentially unstable
What is a type II odontoid fracture?
It is a fracture at the base of the dens
unstable and has a high risk of non-union
What is a type III odontoid fracture?
it is through the dens and into the lateral mass of the C2
best prognosis for healing
Explain hangman’s fracture?
Fracture occurs in the bony column formed by the superior and inferior articular processes of the axis, the pars inter-articularis.
Leads to traumatic spondylolysis of C2 and can also lead to traumatic spondylolisthesis
injury to the spinal cord and/or brain stem is likely
What is a Jefferson fracture and why does it occur?
is also known as a burst fracture
this is caused by compression from above (jumping from a height) or a head on injury
does not always result in spinal cord injury, but if the transverse ligament is ruptured, a spinal cord injury is more likely
(the arches of the vertebra break)
What is seen in imaging if a wedge or compression fracture occurs?
there is a loss of height of the vertebra
commonly found in the thoracic vertebra (T11-L1)
What is a burst fracture?
A burst fracture is a descriptive term for an injury to the
spine where the vertebral body is severely
compressed.
occur when a great deal of force is put on the spine
Can have retropulsed fragments into the spinal canal
that may lead to spinal cord injury
What is spondylolysis?
Fracture of the column bones connecting the superior and inferior articular processes (pars interarticularis)
What is spondylolisthesis?
This is when a vertebra is slipping anteriorly upon its inferior counterpart
What is a herniated disk?
Herniation of nucleus pulposus through degenerated
fibers of the annulus fibrosus
Why is herniation most likely to be posterior and lateral?
the annulus fibrosus is thinner
also it lacks the support from the posterior ligament
Lumbar epidural anesthesia?
injected into the epidural space
sacral/ caudal epidural anesthesia?
injected into the sacral hiatus
Provides a reliable and effective block for operations
which involve low lumbar and sacral dermatomes.
what ligament may be torn due to a hyperextension injury or whiplash?
The anterior longitudinal ligament
What is klippel-feil syndrome?
The fusion of two cervical vertebra
two or more non-segmented fused cervical vertebrae
facets and spinous processes. Therefore anteroposterior narrowing of the vertebral bodies and
hemivertebrae.
What happens during lumbarization of sacral vertebrae?
Incorporation of S1 to lumbar spine
Presence of 6 lumbar-type vertebrae, which may have the following features
Facet joints and intervertebral disc present between S1 and S2
What happens during sacralization of lumbar vertebrae?
Incorporation of L5 to the sacrum
Presence of four lumbar type vertebrae, which may have the following features
Hypoplastic or absent facet joints or intervertebral disc between L5 and S1
Lumbar epidural anesthesia?
often done to relive pain during pregnancy and control back pain
risk of injecting into the subarachnoid space
