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Equine Medicine and Surgery > Lecture 26: Equine Urogenital Tract- sx conditions > Flashcards

Lecture 26: Equine Urogenital Tract- sx conditions Flashcards

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1
Q

Ruptured bladder in foals usually occur in males or females at birth

A

Males

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2
Q

During a ruptured bladder, ___can rupture

A

Urachus

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3
Q

Clinical signs for ruptured bladder in __day of life, what are some signs

A

2-4 days
Dull/depressed, abdominal distention, ballotment wave, urine dribbling

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4
Q

What are some diagnostic results consistent with rupture bladder

A

Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hyperkalemia, bradycardia, elevated creatinine, ultrasound-clear fluid

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5
Q

What is medical tx for ruptured bladder

A
  1. Correct electrolytes first- fluids without K+ (saline)
  2. Drain abdomen while giving fluids
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6
Q

What is the sx repair of the ruptured bladder

A

Urachus resection and repair, close with continuous double layer inverting

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7
Q

What suture pattern do you use to close bladder

A

Continuous double layer inverting

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8
Q

Don’t ___when suturing bladder

A

Penetrate lumen

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9
Q

Cryptorchidism occurs when the testes fail to go through ___into ___

A

Inguinal canal, scrotum

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10
Q

What is the most prevalent, non-lethal development defect of horses

A

Cryptorchidism

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11
Q

If you can’t find a Cryptorchid testicle you do not __

A

Remove descended tesicle

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12
Q

___cryptorchids are fertile with reduced sperm production, __are infertile

A

Unilateral, bilateral

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13
Q

What is a complete abdominal cryptorchid

A

Both testes and epididymis retained in abdominal cavity

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14
Q

What is a partial/ incomplete abdominal Cryptorchid

A

Epididymis descended but not testes

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15
Q

What is an inguinal cryptorchid

A

Testes in inguinal canal, high flanker

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16
Q

What is the best test to run for suspected cryptorchid and what would results look like

A

AMH, very high in cryptorchids and normal stallions, low in geldings

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17
Q

How do you run a testosterone level test for cryptorchids

A

HCG stimulation tests, requires 2 spaced samples

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18
Q

What is a inguinal/scrotal hernia

A

Intestine usually ileum or distal jejunum through vaginal ring into inguinal canal and potentially into scrotum

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19
Q

How do you tx foal with inguinal/scrotal hernia

A

Reduce it several times a day if doesn’t work sx repair

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20
Q

Foal or adult inguinal/scrotal hernia: acquired, non-reducible, strangulating lesion, sx emergency

A

Adult

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21
Q

What occurs during torsion of spermatic cord

A

Testicular artery and vein twist causing congestion, edema and potentially testicular infarction

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22
Q

How does a horse present with testicular torsion >360 degrees

A

Acute pain, colic signs, enlargement of affected testicle and cord

Usually requires sx and remove testis

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23
Q

What is a hydrocele

A

Fluid accumulation between visceral and parietal layers of vaginal tunic due to vaginal tunic secreting fluid at greater rate than absorbed by lymphatics

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24
Q

What is a common cause of hydrocele

A

castration, looks like testicle is there

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25
What is a hematocele
Collection of blood between visceral and parietal vaginal tunics
26
What is a varicocele
Distended and tortuous pampiniform plexus, feels like “bag of worms”
27
What is paraphimosis
Inability to retract penis
28
What usually causes paraphimosis
Preputial edema secondary to genital trauma
29
What viruses can cause paraphimosis
EHV-1 and rabies
30
What drug should you not give to stallions due to paraphimosis
ace
31
What is phimosis
Inability to protrude penis
32
What is priapism and what is cause
Persistent erection without sexual excitement, failure of detumesce d/t phenothiazine tranquilizers
33
Are uroliths more common in males or females
Males
34
What is the classic sign of uroliths
Hematuria after exercise, stranguira
35
How do you dx uroliths
Rectal palpation
36
How do you tx sabulous cysts
Dissolve in 0.25% acetic acid and rectal mixing, aspirate/suction out
37
T or F: prevention methods for uroliths work
No
38
What is pneumovagina
Poor perianal conformation that leads to aspiration of air and feces into vagina. Anus sinks into pelvic canal causing dorsal commiseration of vulva
39
What can cause pneumovagina
Foaling trauma, poor body condition
40
T or F: pneumovagina can cause infertility
True
41
What procedure is used to tx pneumovagina
Caslick procedure- suture labia together to the level of the ventral border of the ischial arch, form seal to prevent aspiration
42
You have __minutes to get a live foal out in dystocia
20
43
What causing perineal laceration during foaling
Foals foot goes through mares rectum
44
What mares more commonly get perineal lacerations
Primiparous (1st foal) mares, especially during unassisted foaling
45
You have to suture close perineal laceration but wait __days or won’t hold
60-90 days
46
Cervical injuries are more likely to occur during __ or if ___ was performed
Dystocia, fetotomy
47
Mares that have a dystocia should have cervix examined ___days post partum
21 days
48
Signs of uterine tears
Depression, fever, mild colic tachycardia, excessive peritoneal fluid on ultrasound
49
Mares with uterine torsion present with signs of ___ and usually occurs during last __ of gestation
Colic, 2 months
50
How is uterine torsion dx
Rectal palpation
51
What is felt on rectal palpation for uterine torsion
Taut broad ligament band
52
What medical and sx treatments can be done for uterine torsion
1. Rolling under anesthesia 2. Standing flank laparotomy 3. Ventral midline celitomy
53
Uterine prolapse tends to occur more frequently after __ when ___ are retained
Dystocia, fetal membranes
54
T or F: uterine prolapse is true emergency
True
55
What are some risk factors for uterine prolapse
Tension on placenta, lots of oxytocin
56
What is periparturient hemorrhage
Hemorrhage from one of arteries supplying reproductive tract, usually uterine artery
57
What is the most common cause of death in postpartum mares
Peripatrurient hemorrhag
58
What mares are more likely to get periparturient hemorrhage
Older >15yrs, multiprimparous >8 foals
59
How do you dx periparturient hemorrhage
Fluctant mass (hematoma) in broad ligament
60
What is the most common ovarian tumor
Granulosa cell tumor
61
What signs do mares have with ovarian tumor
anestrus or estrus, stallion like behavior
62
How is granulosa cell tumor dx
1.ovary enlarged on rectal exam and contralateral ovary small and inactive 2. AMH >4ng/ml

Equine Medicine and Surgery (27 decks)

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