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Lipids > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Primary source of lipids in humans come from ___

A

Diet

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2
Q

Outside of Diet, what are other sources of lipids?

A

Endogenous biosynthesis
Synthetic lipid sources
intra-lipids

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3
Q

What are esterases

A

Digestive enzymes that digest lipid via hydrolysis of ester bonds

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4
Q

3 types of esterases

A

Lipases (TG)
Phospholipases (phospholipids)
Cholesterol esterases (cholesteryl esters)

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5
Q

Where is lingual lipase found?

A

In serrous gland under the tongue

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6
Q

Where is gastric lipase formed?

A

By chief peptic cells

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7
Q

Lingual and gastric lipase are important for what two things?

A

Milk fat digestion and cystic fibrosis (

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8
Q

In cystic fibrosis whats the issue?

A

No pancreatic enzymes

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9
Q

Lingual and gastric lipase are stable under what ph

A

4-6

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10
Q

Milk TAG are esterified at the what position?

A

sn-3

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11
Q

When Milk TG are esterified what is formed?

A

DAG, MAG, and a FFA

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12
Q

Does emulsification occur in stomach?

A

Some

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13
Q

What is slightly emulsified in stomach?

A

GLycolipid action
dietary proteins
phospholipids

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14
Q

Undigested fat in the stomach causes release of what?

A

Secretin

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15
Q

What does secretin do?

A

Stimulate pancrease to release digestive enzymes out the acinar cell, and slow down gastric motility and emptying

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16
Q

Name exocrine portion of pancreas

A

Acinar cells

Duct cells

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17
Q

Is insulin beta or alpha?

A

beta

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18
Q

Where is bile made?

A

Liver

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19
Q

When gallbladder contracts bile is released where?

A

Into cystic duct which joins the common bile duct

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20
Q

What does bile do?

A

emulsify fat

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21
Q

What part of small intestine absorbs bile and returns to liver via hepatic portal vein?

A

illeum

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22
Q

Stimulation of lipase is secreted how?

A

neural (sympathetic agonists)
Dietary (high fat)
Mechanical (suckling and swallowing)

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23
Q

Fats are emulsified via what action?

A

hydrolysis

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24
Q

Does emulsification increase or decrease surface area of lipid droplets?

A

Increase

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25
2 things that digest fat?
Intestinal endopeptidases and pancreatic lipase
26
What stimulates gallbladder contraction and release of bile salt?
CCK
27
WHen is CCK released
presence of lipids and proteins
28
Does CCK increase or decrease gastric motility?
decrease
29
What makes secretin?
S-cell
30
S-cell causes release of what?
sodium bicarbonate to alkalyze fat
31
What type of properties does bile salt have?
Amphipathic
32
Emulsification occurs via what?
peristalsis and detergent effect
33
Bile emulsifies fat forming what?
micelles
34
TAG are too large to be taken up by enterocytes and are acted upon by what?
esterases and pancreatic lipases
35
When TAG are broken down by pancreatic lipases and esterases it removes FA at what points?
C-1 and C-3 Forming DAG, FFA, and then 2 monoacylglycerols
36
Pancreatic protein which anchors pancreatic lipase
Colipase
37
What is colipase's zymogen? and what activates it?
procolipase Trypsin in the lumen of duodnum
38
cholesterol in food are in what form?
Free and nonesterified
39
What blocks enzymes to prevent fat abosrption and cause weight reduction?
Orlistat
40
What does orlistat do?
prevent fat absorption
41
What does cholesterol esterase from pancreas do?
Hydrolyze cholesterol ester and to cholesterol and FFA
42
Phospholipase 2 turns to what and activated by what?
phospholipid degradation trypsin
43
Phospholipid degradation does what?
Removes FA from carbon 2 on phospholipid forming lysolecithin (lysophopholipid)
44
What forms micelle?
cholesterol FFA Lysophospholipid 2monoacylglycerol
45
are micelles positive or negatively charged?
negative
46
What do micelles interact with?
Microvilli and empty their contents into enterocytes
47
FFA, medum and short chain FA are absorbed how?
directly into enterocytes and into portal blood to bind to albumin which takes the to liver
48
MAG, DAG, and FFA that enter enterocyte (Diffusion) are carried where?
Endoplasmic reticulum where acyltransferase transfers CoA-FA onto them
49
When cholesterol is absorbed and facilitated by transfer proteins such as Niemann Pick C1 transporter, what drug has showed inhibition of cholesterol absorption?
ezetimibe
50
How are TG resynthesized
Acyl-CoA syhtetase (thiokinase) adds acyl co-a on FA (loves LCFA) The 2 MAG is converted by TAG synthase using acyl-coa
51
What esterifies Cholesterol in ER
Acyl-CoA (ACAT1 and ACAT 2) don't esterify plant sterols only cholesterol
52
What converts lysophopholipids to phospholipids?
Acyl-transferase
53
TAG in liver can be made in enterocytes by what?
A-glycerophosphate
54
How is A-glycerophosphate made?
adding PO4 to glycerol or from reducing DHAP
55
Where are fat soluble vitamins resynthesized?
ER exported from enterocyte via exocytosis as portion of chylomicrons
56
Once micelles are packaged in ER they are tagged with what inside the enterocyte?
Apo B-48 and then Apo A-4 | then transferred to HDL
57
Once micelle leave ER it goes where?
Golgiapparatus where CHO is added
58
FABP is needed for what?
synthesis of TAG,MAG,DAG
59
chylomicrons enter what?
``` Via exocytosis lacteals thoracid duct left subclavian circulation ```
60
where are apolipoproteins made?
liver
61
HDL with chylomicron attach what to it?
Apo C2 and Apo E
62
Apo C2 and Apo E are recognized by what?
lipoprotein lipase on adipocytes and liver cell receptors
63
What breaks down TG in chylomicron?
lipoprotein lipase in skeletal muscle and adipocytes also in kidney heart and liver
64
what makes lipoprotein lipase?
skeletal muscles and adipocytes

Lipids (5 decks)

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