Lecture 3

Question 1

Environmental psychology definition (general)

Answer 1

about 50 yrs old

study of transactions between individuals and their physical setting

Question 2

what does environmental psychology say what happens during transactions?

Answer 2

individuals change the environment & in turn their behavior and experiences are changed by the environment

Question 3

environmental psychology aims

Answer 3

theory, research, practice wants to

make buildings more humane

improve relationship with the natural environment

Question 4

EP as a field stimulated by recognition of what

Answer 4

environmental problems ie sustainability, pollution, energy shortages, unsuitable buildings

Question 5

what makes EP dinstinct?

Answer 5

that it includes both science and application

Question 6

Gifford definition of environment

Answer 6

natural settings, natural resources, national parks, wilderness, wildlife, climate, and built settings

focuses on individuals and small groups

Question 7

two forms of knowledge in EP

Answer 7

theory and research findings

Question 8

EP theory (generally)

Answer 8

provides coherent framework for understanding problematic human- environment transactions

Question 9

what does knowledge of research studies serve to do in EP?

Answer 9

correct misconceptions about transactions

Question 10

who was first to use the term EP and what did he advocate?

Answer 10

Egon Brunswik

suggested wider array of environmental stimuli included in research designs

Question 11

what is Kurt Lewin known for?

Answer 11

field theory

action research linking scientific research to real social change

social environment crucial, physical one not stressed

Question 12

Roger Barker and Herbert Wright 1947

Answer 12

started large/long lasting project studying behavior settings enclosing every day human behavior

Question 13

Barker and Wright behavior settings definiton

Answer 13

include both social rules and physical spatial aspects of our daily lives

Question 14

what do stimulation theories conceptualize?

Answer 14

physical environment as crucial source of sensory info/simple stimuli like light, color, sound, noise, heat AND more complex (buildings)

Question 15

stimulation theory - adaptation level

Answer 15

indivs adapt to certain levels of stimulation in certain contexts

stimulation that differs from ones adaptation level changes ones perceptions and behavior

Question 16

stimulation theory - overload theory

Answer 16

looks at effects of too much stimulation

too little stim = problems

Question 17

stimulation theories - stress theories

Answer 17

help explain behavior & health effects when environmental stim exceeds indiv adaptive resources

Question 18

different types of stressors

Answer 18

acute
ambient
daily hassles

Question 19

stimulation theories - phenomenology

Answer 19

personal meanings given to place are essential to experience of an environment

we treat places without meaning different than meaningful ones

Question 20

what do control theories examine

Answer 20

how much control we actually have over environmental stimulation

Question 21

relationship between control theories, personal space, territoriality

Answer 21

in everyday social transactions, we attempt to achieve personal control through boundary regulation like personal space and territoriality

Question 22

behavior setting theory - programs definiton

Answer 22

consistent prescribed patterns of behavior

Question 23

human interdependence paradigm framework

Answer 23

for understanding why and when we make which decisions

Question 24

decision making theories assertion

Answer 24

make ourselves and others more aware of the nonconcious decisions we make that degrade the environment

Question 25

Isidor Chein’s integral framework 5 major elements

Answer 25

1. instigators - environmental stim that trigger particular behaviors
2. goal objects & noxients - situations that can satisfy or produce pain
3. supports & constraints - aspects of physical environment that facilitate OR restrict actions
4. directors - features of the environment that tell us what to do/where to go
5. global environment - generalized characteristic of an environ

Question 26

integral theories - interactionism

Answer 26

person and environment considered separate entities

Question 27

integral theories - transactionalism

Answer 27

P & E one inclusive entity, one cannot be defined without the other

Question 28

integral theories - organismic theories

Answer 28

dynamic interplay of social societal and individual factors in mutual system

Question 29

operant approach

Answer 29

based on reinforcement principles

goal in EP is to modify behavior of indivs whose action contributing to environ problem

Question 30

conservation psychology emphasizes what

Answer 30

relationship between people and captive animals

Question 31

ecopsychology view

Answer 31

looks at bond between indivs and Earth

Earth is sacred but victimized

Question 32

ecopsychology’s ___ without EP’s ___ is ___: EP’s ___ without ecopsychology’s ___ may be _____

Answer 32

passion
science
dangerous

science
passion
irrelevant

Question 33

7 theoretical perspectives with scope of EP

Answer 33

1. operant
2. decision making
3. behavior setting
4. stimulation
5. control
6. Integral
7. environment centered

Question 34

what does EP is a multiple paradigm field mean

Answer 34

different researchers may employ different methods based on different philosophies of science

Question 35

adaptation paradigm

Answer 35

biological and psychological survival key process

Question 36

opportunity structure paradigm

Answer 36

environ is place to actively fulfill goals

Question 37

sociocultural paradigm

Answer 37

EP is nested within other contexts and disciplines

Question 38

external validity definition

Answer 38

degree to which results of study apply in every day world

Question 39

field study structure

Answer 39

conducted in same setting that is under consideration or as similar as possible

Question 40

field experiment structure

Answer 40

reach conclusions about casual nature of events in setting, in actual setting

researcher randomly assigns different conditions

controls all major independent variables

Question 41

true? experiments require what

Answer 41

random assignment of participants & experimenter controls variables