Lecture 5

Question 1

environmental appraisals general defintion

Answer 1

personal impressions of place

Question 2

environmental appraisal 6 personal impressions

Answer 2

1. descriptions
2. evaluations
3. judgments of beauty
4. emotional reactions
5. meanings
6. risk

Question 3

when we make evaluations and preferences about environments, we are asking what?

Answer 3

is it good? is it better?

Question 4

personal influences on evaluations and preferences are …

Answer 4

dependent on persons background (age, gender, culture)

Question 5

wilder landscapes preferred more by ___ __ & ____ prefer more rich vegetated/warmer scenes

Answer 5

young adults
women

Question 6

are familiar landscapes more preferred?

Answer 6

NOT ALWAYS

Question 7

physical influences on evaluations and preferences - conclusions

Answer 7

rooms with windows more appealing

square over rectangle

higher than usual ceilings preferred

Question 8

physical influences on evaluations and preferences - Berlynes collative properties - congruity and contrast

Answer 8

individual difference among observes more impactful in preference in scenes LOW TO MEDIUM in both

Question 9

physical influences on evaluations and preferences - Berlynes collative properties - complexity, coherence, novelty

Answer 9

most preferred is MODERATE COMPLEXITY

DEVELOPMENT

CONTRAST

Question 10

physical influences on evaluations and preferences - Jack Nasar’s 3 relevant qualities

Answer 10

1. formal qualities - complexity and order
2. symbolic quality - style
3. schemas - mental codification of experience - typicality = usual or unusual?

Question 11

pleasant building will show 3 things

Answer 11

orderliness

moderate complexity

familiar styles

Question 12

exciting building will show 3 things

Answer 12

low orderliness

complex

atypical

Question 13

physical influences on evaluations and preferences - prospect refuge theory

Answer 13

people prefer edges between open and closed areas

Question 14

fractals

Answer 14

imperfect elements repeated in similar shapes but different sizes

Question 15

Perceiver-Environment approach - Stephen and Rachel Kaplan

Answer 15

preference for settings from evolutionary past & in adaptive value offered

prefer sites allowing us to accomplish central human goals

base preference on whats important to us and consequences of choices (cognitive affordances)

Question 16

Perceiver-Environment approach - Stephen and Rachel Kaplan - coherence

Answer 16

making sense immediately

ease with which scene cognitively organized

Question 17

Perceiver-Environment approach - Stephen and Rachel Kaplan - complexity

Answer 17

being involved immediately

capacity to keep indiv busy

Question 18

Perceiver-Environment approach - Stephen and Rachel Kaplan - legibility

Answer 18

promise of making sense in future

environment could be explored without getting lost

Question 19

Perceiver-Environment approach - Stephen and Rachel Kaplan - mystery

Answer 19

promise of future involvement

one could learn more, interact more, be further occupied in space if entered

Question 20

Perceiver-Environment approach - Stephen and Rachel Kaplan preference framework (conclusions)

Answer 20

preferred = more mystery

more complexity

more coherence

Question 21

the four main ___ ____ may not be entirely independent of each other

Answer 21

cognitive affordances

Question 22

aesthetic appraisals varies with….

Answer 22

culture

evolutionary

individual experience

beauty is in the eye of the beholder

Question 23

appraisals of ____, ____, and ____ feelings overlap

Answer 23

quality
beauty
pleasant

Question 24

Russell and Mehrabian Emotional response to settings: general

Answer 24

emotions, pleasure, arousal independent from on another

environmental & personality variables influence level of emotion experienced

resulting emotions influence desire to approach or avoid setting

Question 25

Russell and Mehrabian Emotional response to settings - pleasure arousal hypothesis

Answer 25

indivs approach physical settings that are MODERATELY arousing, MAXIMALLY pleasurable

Question 26

meanings - 4 processes

Answer 26

1. place attachment 2. ideological communication 3. personal communication 4. architectural purpose

Question 27

place attachment defintion

Answer 27

richness of meaning that develops with great familiarity one's personal identity become inextricably bound with place

Question 28

ideological communication

Answer 28

buildings reflect ideals and aspirations of those who construct them

Question 29

code

Answer 29

certain stylistic elements signify/imply certain philosophies/values

Question 30

personal communication

Answer 30

style and materials of buildings we live/work in "say" something about us

Question 31

architectural purpose

Answer 31

the way function and form understood by everyday observers place meaning linked to planned activities

Question 32

risk appraisal person based influences (6)

Answer 32

1. ethnic background 2. gender, educational level 3. perceived control 4. dispositional anxiety 5. distance from 6. degree of environ activism concern

Question 33

risk appraisal: experts must cease dismissing laypersons appraisals as ____ and begin understanding what is behind their ___

Answer 33

irrational fears

Question 34

___ helps to discern whether or not scene has prospect and refuge qualities

Answer 34

LIGHT

Question 35

environmental assessments: appraisals v assessments

Answer 35

appraisal = person centered - emotion, meaning, concern, preference assessment = place centered - properties of setting, quality

Question 36

environmental assessments: 4 paradigms

Answer 36

expert - eval by trainer observers psychophysical - power to predict judgments of environs lies in scene rather than observer cognitive - human processing of info from environ humanistic/experiential - assessment by active, sensitive observer (phenomenological approach)