Lecture 4 Flashcards
(43 cards)
Gifford environmental perception framework
is the initial gathering of info
how we asses/appraise environments
perceiver often connected to environ display by clear goal/purpose
environ perception studies general idea
participants move in and around and are part of the scene
environmental cognition/spatial cognition
manner of how we process, store, recall
info about locations/arrangements of places
includes cognitive mapping, spatial knowledge, memory for environs, orientation in built settings
object perception emphasis
on properties of simple stimuli like
brightness
color
depth
perceptual constancy
form
apparent movement
awareness and adaptation - habituation
adapt to some environmental displays so that we really do not see them at all
habituation - weber-fechner law
as the amount of ___ inreases, larger and larger increments of ___ are needed before people notice
environmental numbness - habituation
pay very little attention to our physical surrounding even when they cause discomfort
Herbert Leff exercises to combat environmental numbness
- switch visual focus while forming vivid impression
- views that would make relevant photos
- imagine being one of the objects
- see inanimate objects as alive
self report research methods
questionnaires
interviews
checklists
free descriptions
perceivers may produce inaccurate reports of their own perception
perception filtered through language
behavior inference research method example
length of time spent looking at exhibit used as index of interest in that display
psychophysical research method
people reliably adjust some physical variable in direct proportion to the perception of a psychological construct
phenomenological research approach
uses very trained observer with goal of perceiving the essence of setting in qualitative way
3 PERSONAL influences on environ perception
personal characteristics - gender
education/training - seeing characteristically of chosen profession
experience - with the setting
physical influences on environ perception
physical features - light, windows, ceilings
enclosure
color
path
how do PATHS affect environ perception
rectangular rooms appear larger than square
distances to landmarks estimated smaller than distances FROM them
environment affects perception, but ___ ___ like perceiver’s expectations also play a crucial role
personal factors
Brunswik’s lens model - probabilistic functionalism 1956 - cues
environment offers multitude of them, but perceiver must make sense of most important ones
Brunswik’s lens model - probabilistic functionalism 1956 - functionalist
many cues given little attention while close attention paid to few others
Brunswik’s lens model - probabilistic functionalism 1956 - ecological validity
degree of truth in probabilistic relations b/t environment and each of the cues
Brunswik’s lens model - probabilistic functionalism 1956 - cue utlization
to be successful perceivers must accurately read their environments (high achievement)
Gibson affordances 1966, 1979 - general
certain arrangements of cues give pereciver direct, immediate perceptions of environ
Gibson affordances 1966, 1979 - layouts
arrangements of substances, surfaces prividing instantly detectable functions
Gibson affordances 1966, 1979 - what does is NOT require
us to interpret sensory info, construct, reality, or weigh cues (as in Brunswik lens)
Gibson affordances 1966, 1979 - affordance function
what the place we are perceiving CAN DO for us
