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biosci > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ECM made of

A

Ground substances + Cells

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2
Q

What is Ground substance made of?

A

Water, Proteins and Polysaccharides

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3
Q

What are the polysaccharides?

A

Glucosamineglycans or mucopolysaccharides

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4
Q

What is formed by the joining of glucosamineglycans and core proteins?

A

Proteoglycans

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5
Q

What are the repeating disaccharide units of glucosamineglycans?

A

Amino sugar (N.acetyglucosamine) and Uronic sugar (Glucuronic acid)

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6
Q

What are the sulphate GAGs

A

Dermatan, Heparin, Keratan, Chondroitin

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7
Q

What are non sulphate GAGs?

A

Hyaluronic acid

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8
Q

Why is hyaluronic acid unusual?

A

Its not sulphated or covalent bound to core proteins

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9
Q

Why are GAGs highly polar?

A

So they can attract water and trap it so that the ground substance is more jelly like

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10
Q

What are the functions of hyaluronic acid

A

Bind cells together, lubricates joints, maintains shape of eyeball

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11
Q

What are the functions of hyaluronidase?

A

Makes ground substance more liquid so they can move more easily in it. Makes access to egg easier for sperm

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12
Q

What is the function of Chondroitin

A

Adhesiveness of bones, cartilage, blood vessels, skin

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13
Q

What is the function of Keratan?

A

Hydrating the cornea, adhesiveness of bone and cartilage

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14
Q

What is the function of dermatan

A

Development of blood vessels, constitutes skin, tendons, heart valves

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15
Q

What are the features of Exophthalmos?

A

Goitre, autoimmune overreaction of thyroid and action of fibroblasts in ECM of eye

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16
Q

Why do eyes look swollen in exophthalmos?

A

Deposition of GAGs and influx of water

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17
Q

What are the three different types of protein fibers?

A

Collagen, Elastin and Reticular

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18
Q

What are the features of collagen fibers?

A

Strong and flexible, Parallel bundles, has different composition in different types of body tissue

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19
Q

Where are collagen fibers found?

A

Tendons, cartilage, bones and ligament

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20
Q

What are the features of reticular fibers?

A

collagen fibers with a coating of glycoproteins for strength and support, made by fibroblasts

21
Q

Where are reticular fibers found?

A

Adipose tissue, Nerve fibres, smooth muscle tissue. These fibres branch and spread out through tissue

22
Q

What are the features of Elastic fibres?

A

Thinner than collagen fibres, elastin surrounded by fibrillin, can be stretched 150%

23
Q

Where are Elastic fibres found?

A

Skin, Blood vessels and lungs

24
Q

How does the Marian syndrome arise?

A

A defect in chromosome 15 which codes for fibrillin, and thus affects elastic fibres

25
Q

What are the features of individuals with Marfan syndrome?

A

Tall, Long limbed, protruding or collapsed sternum, weakened heart valves and arterial walls

26
Q

What is the occurrence of Marfan syndrome?

A

1/20000

27
Q

What are the two common tissue cell types?

A

Fibroblasts and Adipocytes

28
Q

Where are fibroblasts found?

A

Widely distributed in connective tissue, migratory

29
Q

Where are adipocytes found?

A

Under skin and around organs

30
Q

What is the function of fibroblast cells?

A

Secrete components of the matrix (fibers and ground substance)

31
Q

What is the function of Adipocytes?

A

Store fats

32
Q

What are the other cell types?

A

Macrophages, Plasma cells, Mast cells, Leucocytes

33
Q

What are the classifications of connective tissue?

A

Embryonic or mature

34
Q

What are the two types of embryonic tissue?

A

Mesenchyme or Mucous

35
Q

What is the structure, location and function of mesenchyme cells?

A

They give rise to all other connective tissues, consists of mesenchymal cells in a semi-fluid ground substance containing reticular fibre

36
Q

What is the structure/location/function of Mucous cells?

A

Mucous CT has widely scattered fibroblasts embedded in jelly like ground substance. Supports umbilical cord of foetus

37
Q

What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue?

A

Aoelar, Adipose and reticular

38
Q

What is the structure/function/location of Aoelar connective tissue?

A

Three types of fibers, widely distributed around almost every structure. Strength, Elasticity, Support

39
Q

What is the structure/function/location of Adipose connective tissue

A

Mostly Adipocytes, Central triglyceride droplet, found with areolar, white is for energy storage brown is for heat production. Insulation, Energy source, Temperature control

40
Q

What is the structure/function/location of Dense regular connective tissue

A

found in ligaments, tendons and aponeuroses. Regularly arranged collagen, shiny white colour,

41
Q

What is the structure/function/location of Hyaline cartilage?

A

Weak, composed of a resilient gel with fibers are present but not obvious, found in anterior ends of ribs, respiratory cartilage. Flexibility and movement

42
Q

What is the structure/function/location of Compact bone

A

contains osteons, stores calcium and phosphorus, protection and support

43
Q

What is the structure/function/location of Spongy bone

A

stores triglycerides, produces blood cells

44
Q

What are the four cell types found in bone?

A

Osteogenic, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts

45
Q

What are osteogenic cells?

A

mesenchymal cells that develop, start to lay down collagen, become trapped and become osteoblasts

46
Q

what are osteoblasts?

A

bone forming cells. Lay down more collagen, mineralization process starts

47
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts trapped within extracellular matrix. maintains bone tissue. involved in exchange of nutrients and waste. have gap junctions

48
Q

What are osteoclasts

A

large, multinucleated cells formed from the fusion of blood monocytes. Breaks down bone

biosci (21 decks)

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