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BIOSCI > System components and functions > Flashcards

System components and functions Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis

A

Protects deeper tissues with a covering. Produces Vitamin D

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2
Q

Dermis

A

Contains blood vessels, nerves and glands. Supplies epidermis with nutrients and oxygen. Has fat stores.

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3
Q

Hair Follicles

A

Percives stimuli through the nervous system

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4
Q

Hairs

A

Insulation, Protection and sensory purposes

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5
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Lubricates hair shafts and epidermis.

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6
Q

Sweat Glands

A

Thermoregulation

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7
Q

Nails

A

Stiffens and protects tips of fingers and toes

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8
Q

Sensory receptors

A

Detects sensations. (Touch, pressure, temperature, pain)

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9
Q

Hypodermis

A

Attaches skin to deeper layers. Provides Insulation through fat stores and cushioning.

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10
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary (aeolar tissue), Reticular (connective tissue)

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11
Q

Tactile Corpuscle

A

Detecting touch and vibrational stimuli

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12
Q

Lamellated Corpuscle

A

Detecting pressure

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13
Q

Skeletal Muscles

A

Movement, produces heat through shivering, supports the skeleton and protects soft tissues. Also controls entrances and exits for the digestive, respiratory and urinary systems.

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14
Q

Axial muscles

A

Provides support and positioning of axial skeleton

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15
Q

Appendicular muscles

A

Supports and moves limbs

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16
Q

Tendons

A

Rope like connections between muscle and bone. Transmits force generated by muscle contractions into the bones.

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17
Q

Aponeuroses

A

Broad, flat sheet like tendons that attach muscles to other muscles or to bone.

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18
Q

Bone

A

Provides support, serves as attachment sites, stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.

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19
Q

Cartilage

A

Connective tissue which provides cushioning between bones, (reducing friction and allowing for smooth movements)

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20
Q

Ligaments

A

Fibrous tissues which connect bones to other bones at joints. Limits excessive movement and prevents dislocation.

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21
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Protects the brain and spinal cord, sense organs and soft tissues of the thorax. Supports body weight over lower limbs

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22
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Provides internal support and positioning of the external limbs. Allows muscles to move the axial skeleton

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23
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Red blood cell production (occurs in flat bones)

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24
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Stores of fat cells (found in long bones), after a major bleeding some yellow bone marrow will turn to red.

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25
Q

Central Nervous system components

A

Includes the brain, spinal cord and optic nerve

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26
Q

Brain

A

Command centre, processes information and controls movement and behaviour.

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27
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Relays information to and from brain. Less complex integrative activities

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28
Q

Special senses

A

Sensory input to brain relating to sight, hearing, smell, taste and equilibrium

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29
Q

PNS

A

Links CNS with other systems and sense organs

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30
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Controls day and night rhythms (melatonin)

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31
Q

Hypothalamus/ Pituitary Gland

A

Controls other endocrine glands, regulates growth and fluid balance

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32
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

Metabolic rate by thyroxine

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33
Q

Parathyroid gland

A

Calcium levels

34
Q

Adrenal glands

A

water and mineral balance(aldersterone) , Tissue metabolism, (cortisol) Cardio and Respiratory function (adrenaline)

35
Q

Pancreas

A

Glucose control, production of digestive enzymes

36
Q

Gonads

A

Sexual characteristics and reproduction

37
Q

What is the result of too much growth hormone during childhood

A

Gigantism

38
Q

What is the result of too much growth hormone as a adult

A

Acromegaly

39
Q

IGF

A

insulin like growth factor secreted by liver

40
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

Contractile vessels, carries lymph fluid and lymphocytes from peripheral tissue to veins of CV system

41
Q

B cells and T cells

A

Cells that carry out immune responses

42
Q

Lymph nodes and tonsils

A

Monitor composition of lymph, stimulates immune response

43
Q

Spleen

A

Monitors circulation, engulfs pathogens, recycle red blood cells, produces immune responses, large lymph nodes.

44
Q

Thymus (lymphatic)

A

Controls development and maintenance of the T cell lymphocytes

45
Q

Heart

A

Propels blood and maintains blood pressure

46
Q

Arteries

A

Heart to capillaries

47
Q

Capillaries

A

Diffusion between blood and interstitial fluids

48
Q

Veins

A

Returns blood from capillaries to heart

49
Q

Blood

A

Transport of O2, CO2, nutrients and hormones, removes waste, temperature regulation, defense against illness, acid base balance

50
Q

Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

A

Filter, warm and humidity air and detect smells

51
Q

Pharynx

A

Conducts air to larynx

52
Q

Larynx

A

Protects opening to trachea, vocal chords

53
Q

Trachea

A

Conducts air, kept open by cartilage

54
Q

Bronchi

A

Conducts air between trachea and lungs

55
Q

Lungs

A

Air movement, Gas exchange of O2, CO2 in alveoli, acid base control

56
Q

Diaphragm

A

Muscle and air movement

57
Q

Oral Cavity

A

Breaks up food

58
Q

Salivary glands

A

Buffers and lubricant, Enzymes that begin digestion

59
Q

Pharynx (Digestive)

A

Solid food and liquids to the esophagus, chamber shared with trachea

60
Q

Esophagus

A

Food to stomach

61
Q

Stomach

A

Secrete acid, Enzymes, Hormones

62
Q

Small Intestine

A

Digestive enzymes, Buffers and hormones, absorbs nutrients

63
Q

Liver

A

Secreted Bile, regulates nutrients in blood

64
Q

Gallbladder

A

Concentrated bile

65
Q

Pancreas

A

Digestive enzymes, Buffers, Endocrine cells

66
Q

Large intestines and Anus

A

Water removal, waste storage and removal

67
Q

Kidney

A

Forms and concentrates urine, regulates blood pH and ions, Blood volume and blood pressure, calcium production

68
Q

Ureters

A

Urine to bladder

69
Q

Bladder

A

stores urine

70
Q

urethra

A

conducts urine to exterior

71
Q

Testes

A

Produce sperm and hormones

72
Q

Epididymis

A

Sperm maturation

73
Q

Ductus deferens

A

sperm from epididymis

74
Q

Seminal glands

A

Seminal fluid

75
Q

Prostate glands

A

Produce Seminal fluid

76
Q

Male Urethra

A

Sperm to exterior

77
Q

External genitalia, Penis, Scrotum

A

Reproduction and thermal control testes

78
Q

Ovaries

A

Procured and hormones

79
Q

Uterine tubes

A

Delivery oocyte, Location of fertilization

80
Q

Uterus

A

Embryonic development

81
Q

Vagina and external genitalia

A

Lubrication, Sperm reception, Birth canal

82
Q

Mammary glands

A

Nutrition for new born

BIOSCI (21 decks)

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