lecture 3

Question 1

empiric treatment is what?

Answer 1

based on most likely microbes

Question 2

what describes what the drug does to the body ?

Answer 2

PD

Question 3

what are the PD parameters?

Answer 3

time dependent or concentration dependent

Question 4

penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems are all what type of antibiotic?

Answer 4

beta lactams

Question 5

penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems and vancomycin are all antibiotics that work through what?

Answer 5

cell wall synthesis inhbition

Question 6

MOA of cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Answer 6

inhibiting PBP, or cell lysis through osmotic pressure

Question 7

penecillin and amoxicillin primarily excreted by what?

Answer 7

kidney

Question 8

which has longer half life, amox or pen?

Answer 8

amox

Question 9

do amox and pen have higher or lower half lives vs others?

Answer 9

lower

Question 10

does amox or pen have better abilities to reach high serum concentrations?

Answer 10

amox

Question 11

do you want a drug that is more or less protein bound/

Answer 11

less

Question 12

why is probenecid a problem with penicillin?

Answer 12

can block renal excretion, therefor increased serum levels of pen

Question 13

penecillin has cross-reactivity with what other beta lactam?

Answer 13

cephalosporins

Question 14

prophylaxis for dental treatment is only for patients with what?

Answer 14

underlying cardiac conditions associated with highest risk of adverse outcome from IE

Question 15

some high risks which would need antibiotics for dental treatment

Answer 15

prosthetic cardiac valve, prior history if IE, CHD, unprepared cyanotic CHD< completely repaired during first 6 months after procedure,repaired CHD with residual defects, Cardiac transplantation recipients who develop cardiac valvulopathy

Question 16

characteristics of the drug prevent reaching the target site or the drug is inactivated

Answer 16

intrinsic

Question 17

resistance which develops horizontally or vertically

Answer 17

aquired

Question 18

3 mechanisms of resistance

Answer 18

drug cannot reach target, drug is inactivated, target site is altered

Question 19

what does clavulanic acid do?

Answer 19

prevents destruction of beta lactase, sometimes given with penicillins

Question 20

cephalosporin more helpful for what two things?

Answer 20

gram negative and MSSA

Question 21

alterations in membrane permeability or efflux

Answer 21

drug cannot reach target site

Question 22

target site is altered

Answer 22

MRSA and PRSP

Question 23

drug is inactivated

Answer 23

penicillinases, cephalosporinases, and extended spectrum beta lactamases

Question 24

which beta lactam is reserved for last resort? broad spectrum agent

Answer 24

carbapenems

Question 25

AE of carbapenems?

Answer 25

increased risk of seizure

Question 26

which antibiotic is only given IV?

Answer 26

carbapenems

Question 27

are beta lactams time dependent or concentration dependent?

Answer 27

time

Question 28

are beta lactams primarily bacteriostatic of cidal?

Answer 28

cidal

Question 29

benefit of cefpodoxime vs cephalexin?

Answer 29

better gram negative effects