lecture 5

Question 1

sulfonamides and trimethoprim inhibit what?

Answer 1

purine production and DNA metabolism

Question 2

what drug inhibits dihydrojpterate synthetase?

Answer 2

sulfonamides

Question 3

what drug inhibits dihydrofolate reductase?

Answer 3

trimethooprim

Question 4

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole spectrum

Answer 4

positive and negative aerobes including MRSA

Question 5

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole can cause hypersensitivity in what type of patients?

Answer 5

HIV

Question 6

what is drug of choice for nocardia, pneumocystis, and stenotrophamonas?

Answer 6

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

Question 7

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole clinicaly used for what type of infection?

Answer 7

UTI

Question 8

initial phase of TB is how long and what type of medications would be mused?

Answer 8

2 months. rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol

Question 9

continuation phase of TB is how long and which drugs used?

Answer 9

4 months. rifampin and isoniazid

Question 10

MDR of TB is what?

Answer 10

resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin

Question 11

XDR of TB is what?

Answer 11

resistance to isoniazid and rifampin, fluoguinolone, and at least one second line injectable drug

Question 12

mechanism of isoniazid?

Answer 12

inhibits cell wall mycolic acid synthesis

Question 13

Isoniazid is widely distributed, including where?

Answer 13

CSF

Question 14

isoniazid can lead to increased levels of what?

Answer 14

phenytoin- used to treat seizures

Question 15

how is isoniazid metabolized?

Answer 15

acetylation in the liver

Question 16

which drug should you not consume alcohol

Answer 16

isoniazid

Question 17

mechanism of rifampin?

Answer 17

blocks bacterial RNA polymerase

Question 18

interactions related to rifampin?

Answer 18

reduced drug concentration due to CYP450 inducer

Question 19

consideration when taking rifampin?

Answer 19

good oral absorption, take on empty stomach

Question 20

nystatin is what kind of anti fungal?

Answer 20

polyene

Question 21

what was one of the first antifungals?

Answer 21

amphotericin B

Question 22

mechanism of amphotericin B?

Answer 22

binds ergosterol in call wall and increases membrane permeability

Question 23

first line for cryptococcus

Answer 23

amphotericin B

Question 24

spectrum for amphotericin B?

Answer 24

yeast and mold

Question 25

what limits use of amphotericin B?

Answer 25

toxicity

Question 26

what limits nystatins systemic use?

Answer 26

toxicity

Question 27

use for nystatin? and why

Answer 27

oral candidiasis, topical fungal infections. not absorbed by GI

Question 28

how are azaleas metabolized?

Answer 28

in the liver

Question 29

mechanism of azoles

Answer 29

inhibits fungal CYP450 responsible for converting lanosterol to ergosterol