Lecture 3: Development of the male reproductive system

Question 1

What do Sertoli cells do?

Answer 1

1. Block gametogenesis
2. Produce AMH (antimullerian hormone) to suppress development of Mullerian ducts
3. Induce formation of LEYDIG CELLS to produce testosterone

Question 2

What does Antimullerian hormone cause?

Answer 2

AMH causes paramesonephric ducts to degenerate

Question 3

What is the tunica albuginea in scrotum?

Answer 3

Fascia that surrounds the gonad

Question 4

What does testosterone do?

Answer 4

Induces mesonephric duct to form continuous duct system

Masculinizes INTERNAL male structures

Question 5

What does DHT do?

Answer 5

Masculinizes the EXTERNAL male genitalia

Question 6

What does mesonephric duct give rise to?

Answer 6

1. Efferent ductules
2. Ductus epididymis
3. Ductus deferences
4. Seminal gland
5. Ejaculatory duct

Question 7

What is the rete testis?

Answer 7

Anastomosing network of delicate tubules located in the hilum of the testicles
Carries sperm from seminiferous tubules to efferent ducts

Question 8

Where is prostate derived? Significance?

Answer 8

Endoderm
Because from endoderm, it is developed under DHT (dihydrotestosterone) influences rather than testosterone
This makes sense because DHT influences external genitalia formation which is absolutely endoderm
Bulbourethral gland is also made by DHT

Question 9

What enzyme converts testosterone to DHT?

Answer 9

Alpha reductase

Question 10

What is alpha reductase?

Answer 10

Converts Testosterone to DHT

Question 11

What is water under the bridge for males?

Answer 11

Ureter under ductus deferens

Question 12

What is the prepuce?

Answer 12

Foreskin

Question 13

What is the raphe of penis?

Answer 13

The central lining on the inferior end of penis

Question 14

What happens to the urogenital folds in external male genitalia?

Answer 14

They will FUSE to make shaft of penis…if they don’t fuse, you have a pussy lol

Question 15

What part of male reproductive system is formed from mesoderm?

Answer 15

1. seminal vesicle
2. ureter
3. vas deferens
   Whatever is formed from testosterone

Question 16

What masculinizes external male genitalia?

Answer 16

DHT (dihydrotestosterone)

Question 17

What is the significance of the urogenital diaphragm?

Answer 17

The only skeletal muscle that is used to control bladder in both women and men
Voluntary mechanism

Question 18

What is tunica vaginalis?

Answer 18

The remnant space from processus vaginalis…space is there to allow your balls to move
Hydroceles develop here

Question 19

How does testes exit abdominal cavity?

Answer 19

Follows gubernaculum

Very important because this allows for spermatogenesis at temperature below body temp

Question 20

What is the internal spermatic fascia derived from?

Answer 20

Transversalis fascia

Question 21

What is the cremasteric fascia derived from?

Answer 21

Internal oblique muscle

Question 22

What is the external spermatic fascia derived from?

Answer 22

External oblique muscle

Question 23

What is the significance of the processus vaginalis?

Answer 23

Space that allows balls to move up and down without friction

Question 24

When does gametogenesis start in males?

Answer 24

During puberty

Question 25

What is glans/body of penis and clit derived from?

Answer 25

Genital tubercle

Question 26

What is labia minora/ventral penis derived from?

Answer 26

Urogenital folds

Question 27

What is labia majora/scrotum derived from?

Answer 27

Labioscrotal swellings

Question 28

What happens when you have no androgen receptors in fetus?

Answer 28

You get what looks like a female that should’ve been a male You see bilateral inguinal hernias in the “female” Also no menstruation…because the female only has external female structures and NOT internal female structures XY human with female genitalia!!

Question 29

What is androgen insensitivity syndrome?

Answer 29

A condition that results in the partial or complete inability of the cell to respond to androgens Impairs masculinization of male genitalia Mutation in androgen receptors

Question 30

What is an adrenal cortex hyperplasia?

Answer 30

Excess androgens are produced and clitoris is very enlarged and then the person is intersexed

Question 31

What happens when you have a defect in the alpha reductase enzyme?

Answer 31

You get a defect in external genitalia development | Because you need DHT to develop that shit

Question 32

When you see bilateral inguinal hernias in “females” what are you thinking?

Answer 32

Androgen insensitivity syndrome This person is actually XY but because of no androgen receptors, you have no male external reproductive structures You have male reproductive structures inside but no ability to menstruate