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Cardiology > Lecture 3: Imaging > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Imaging Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Which orientation should rads be?

A

DV and right lateral

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2
Q

Why can you not see vessels over heart?

A

Same opacity

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3
Q

What is the “cardiac silhouette”?

A

Individual chambers not visible

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4
Q

What phase is the heart probably in when taking a radiograph?

A

Diastole

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5
Q

What is selective angiography?

A

Catheter into chamber of heart

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6
Q

What is non-selective angiography?

A

Inject contrast peripherally

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7
Q

What should VHS be in the dog?

A

9.7 +/- 0.5 of T4

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8
Q

What should cardiac width be in the dog?

A

Less than 2/3 of thorax

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9
Q

What should cardiac height be in the dog?

A

Less than 2/3 of thorax and 2.5-3.5 IC spaces

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10
Q

What happens to the heart in older cats?

A

Tilts

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11
Q

What should VHS be in cats?

A

7.5 +/- 0.3

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12
Q

What should cardiac width be in cats?

A

2-3 IC spaces, or 2/3 thorax in width

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13
Q

What shape are retriever hearts?

A

Globoid

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14
Q

What % of older cats have a “redundant aorta”?

A

30-40%

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15
Q

Is concentric or eccentric enlargement more easily seen on radiographs?

A

Eccentric

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16
Q

What are the two types of chamber enlargement?

A

Concentric or eccentric

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17
Q

Where are artery and vein on DV?

A

Artery lateral to vein

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18
Q

What size are artery and vein on DV?

A

Same diameter, no larger than 9th rib

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19
Q

Where are artery and vein on lateral?

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A

Artery dorsal to vein

20
Q

What size are artery and vein on lateral?

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A

Same diameter, no larger than 4th rib

21
Q

What pattern do dogs get in pulmonary over-circulation?

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A

Peri-hilar then alveolar

22
Q

What pattern do cats get in pulmonary over-circulation?

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A

Alveolar, then effusion

23
Q

What do laminar and turbulent flow look like on pulse-wave Doppler?

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A

Laminar flow has white outline, turbulent is filled in

24
Q

On a lateral, where are the R and L chambers?

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A

Right chambers are cranial and left chambers are caudal

25
What causes concentric hypertrophy?
Pressure overload (increased systolic pressure)
26
What does concentric hypertrophy look like?
Wall thicker, but chamber size remains the same
27
What causes eccentric hypertrophy?
Volume overload (increased diastolic pressure and volume)
28
What does eccentric hypertrophy look like?
Dilation, lumen size increases, ventricular size the same then thins
29
What are the three types of Doppler?
Pulse waved, continuous wave, colour flow mapping
30
What is an advantage and disadvantage of pulse wave Doppler?
Not high velocity, but specific location
31
What is an advantage and disadvantage of continuous wave Doppler?
Measures high velocities, but not the specific region
32
What measurements can you take on M mode?
End systole at nadir of septum, end diastole at onset of QRS, fractional shortening
33
How do you calculate pressure gradient?
4 x max velocity ^ 2
34
What affects fractional shortening?
Heart rate
35
What values indicate mild, moderate or severe stenosis?
Below 50 = mild, 50-100 = moderate, over 100 = severe
36
What is at 11-1 on DV rads?
Aortic arch
37
What is at 1-2 on DV rads?
Pulmonary artery
38
What is at 2-3 on DV rads?
Left auricular appendage
39
What is at 2-5 on DV rads?
Left ventricle
40
What is at 5-9 on DV rads?
Right ventricle
41
What is at 9-11 on DV rads?
Right atrium
42
What is at 12-2 on lateral rads?
left atrium
43
What is at 2-5 on lateral rads?
left ventricle
44
What is at 5-9 on lateral rads?
MPA and right auricular appendage
45
What is at 10-11 on lateral rads?
Aortic arch
46
Which IC space for ultrasound views on the right?
3rd-6th

Cardiology (9 decks)

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