Lecture 3 - jennifer Intro To Microbial Diversity

Question 1

Difference between magnification and resolution

Answer 1

Magnification can be increased without limit
Resolution cannot be increased without limit

Question 2

What is magnification

Answer 2

How much an image is enlarged under a microscope

Question 3

What is resolution

Answer 3

The amount of detail you can see in an image

Question 4

What is the resolution of a light microscope in µM

Answer 4

0.2 µm

Question 5

Will increasing the magnification improve resolution

Answer 5

No the image will blur together and be unreadable

Question 6

The light microscope cannot distinguish objects smaller than what

Answer 6

Half the wavelength of light

Question 7

What is the average wavelength of white light

Answer 7

0.55 micrometers
Half of which is 0.275 micrometers

Question 8

Any two lines that are closer together than 0.275 micrometers are they seen as a single or double line

Answer 8

Single line

Question 9

How will any object with a diameter smaller than 0.275 micrometers be viewed under a light microscope

Answer 9

Invisible or at best as a blur

Question 10

What does an electron microscope use instead of light photons to image cells and cell structures

Answer 10

Electrons

Question 11

Why is electron microscope used

Answer 11

Electrons provide illumination with a shorter wavelength than light photons

Question 12

What is the entire system of electron microscope held in

Answer 12

In a vacuum

Question 13

Electrons are speeded up in a vacuum until when

Answer 13

Their wavelength is extremely short, only one hundred thousandth that of white light

Question 14

Most electron microscopes can magnify objects up to how many times

Answer 14

1 million times

Question 15

What is the resolving power of electron microscope

Answer 15

0.2 nm

Question 16

What is the resolving power of light microscope

Answer 16

0.2 µm

Question 17

What is scanning electron microscopy used for

Answer 17

To observe external feature of cells

Question 18

What are specimens coated with in scanning electron microscopy

Answer 18

Thin film of metal eg gold

Question 19

What happens to electrons in scanning electron microscopy that are scatted

Answer 19

Collected to produce an image

Question 20

What is transmission electron microscopy used for

Answer 20

Used to observe internal cell structures

Question 21

Do light photons or electrons penetrate cells

Answer 21

Light photons

Question 22

Why are thin section of cells prepared for transmission electron microscopy

Answer 22

Because electrons do not penetrate the cell

Question 23

Name the types of microorganism

Answer 23

Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Non cellular

Question 24

Example of prokaryotic microorganism

Answer 24

Bacteria
Archaea

Question 25

Example of eukaryotic microorganisms

Answer 25

Fungi Protozoa Algae

Question 26

Example of non cellular microorganism

Answer 26

Viruses Prions

Question 27

Does prokaryotics have nucleus

Answer 27

No

Question 28

Do prokaryotic cells have cell wall

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

Do prokaryotic cells have cell organelles

Answer 29

No

Question 30

Do eukaryotic cells have a nucleus

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

Do eukaryotic cells have a cell wall

Answer 31

Some do but many don’t

Question 32

Name the cell organelles in eukaryotic cell

Answer 32

Mitochondria Chloroplasts Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi

Question 33

Where is the nucleic acid found in eukaryotic cell

Answer 33

In organelle called a nucleus Bounded by a nuclear membrane

Question 34

How many chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 34

One or more paired linear chromosomes

Question 35

Describe chromosome in eukaryotic cell

Answer 35

One or more paired linear chromosomes DNA associated with histone proteins

Question 36

Is nucleic acid bounded by a nuclear membrane in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 36

No

Question 37

Describe the chromosome in prokaryotic cell

Answer 37

One circular chromosome Composed of DNA associated with histone like proteins

Question 38

How do cells divide in eukaryotic cells

Answer 38

By mitosis

Question 39

How are sex cells in diploid microorganism produced eukaryotic cell

Answer 39

By meiosis

Question 40

How do cells divide in prokaryotic cells

Answer 40

By binary fission

Question 41

Why aren’t sex cells produced in prokaryotic cells

Answer 41

Organisms are haploid

Question 42

Describe the cytoplasmic membrane for eukaryotic cells

Answer 42

A fluid phospholipid bilayer containing sterols

Question 43

Describe cytoplasmic membrane for prokaryotic cell

Answer 43

A fluid phospholipid bilayer

Question 44

Describe the ribosomes for eukaryotic cell

Answer 44

Composed of 60S and a 40S subunit forming an 80S ribosome

Question 45

Describe the ribosome for prokaryotic cell

Answer 45

70S ribosomes composed of a 50S and 30S subunits

Question 46

Name the structure responsible for cell shape in eukaryotic cells

Answer 46

Cytoskeleton

Question 47

Name the structure responsible for shape in prokaryotic cell

Answer 47

Cell wall

Question 48

Where does photosynthesis occur in prokaryotic cells

Answer 48

Infoldings of cytoplasmic membrane

Question 49

Name the organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves for photosynthesis

Answer 49

Chloroplasts

Question 50

Where are respiratory enzymes and electron transport chains located in eukaryotic cell

Answer 50

Located in the mitochondria

Question 51

Where are respiratory enzymes and electron transport chains located in prokaryotic cell

Answer 51

Located at the cytoplasmic membrane

Question 52

The mitochondrion of eukaryotic cells serves the same function as which prokaryotic organelle

Answer 52

The cytoplasmic membrane

Question 53

What is eukaryotic cell cell wall composed of

Answer 53

Plant cells , algae and fungi have cell walls composed of cellulose or chitin

Question 54

Do animals cells and protozoans have cell walls

Answer 54

No they lack

Question 55

What are prokaryotic cell walls composed of

Answer 55

Bacteria and archaea cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan, protein or unique molecules

Question 56

Do obligate intracellular bacteria like mycoplasma,chalmydia,ureplasma have cell walls

Answer 56

No they have no cell walls

Question 57

Name the locomotor organelle in eukaryotic cells

Answer 57

Flagella Cilia

Question 58

Name the locomotor organelle in prokaryotic cells

Answer 58

Some have flagella