Lecture 3- Physical Examination of the Horse

Question 1

What should be evaluated when performing PE of head

Answer 1

Mentation, CN, palpate lymph nodes, smell breath

Question 2

What should be evaluated on the left side of horse during PE

Answer 2

Heart, lungs, GI, skin, lymph nodes, palpate limbs

Question 3

What should be evaluated around the tail on PE

Answer 3

Temperature, anal tone

Question 4

What should be evaluated on the right side of horse during PE

Answer 4

Heart, lungs, GI, skin, lymph nodes, palpate limbs

Question 5

What should be tested during neurologic exam

Answer 5

Mentation (BAR, ear position)

Cranial nerves- feed treat (test smell, vision), look in eyes

Ambulation-gait deficits, truncal sway

Question 6

What should be checked for on dermal exam

Answer 6

Masses, insect reactions, rubbing, ventral edema

Question 7

Gray horses over 15yr are very susceptible to what

Answer 7

Melanoma

Question 8

Where are some common sites melanomas form

Answer 8

Parotids, commissure of lips, perineum, tail and mane, ocular adnexa, internally

Question 9

What is the normal HR

Answer 9

28-40

Question 10

What degree AV block is routinely observed from high vagal tone and how can it be resolved

Answer 10

Second degree AV block ad can be resolved with exercise

Question 11

What happens at S1 heart sound

Answer 11

Closure of AV valves, begins systole (lub)

Question 12

What happens at S2 heart sound

Answer 12

Closure of semilunar valves, ends systole and begins diastole (dub)

Question 13

What happens at S3 heart sound

Answer 13

Filling of ventricles

Question 14

What happens at S4 sound

Answer 14

Contraction of atria

Question 15

Between what ribs should you listen for different valve closures (point of max intensity)

Answer 15

Pulmonary- 3rd
Atrial- 4th
Mitral- 5th

Tricuspid 4th

Question 16

What is a grade 1 heart murmur

Answer 16

Audible at 1 valve

Question 17

What is a grade 2 heart murmur

Answer 17

Audible at 2 valves

Question 18

What is a grade 3 heart murmur

Answer 18

Audible at 3 valves

Question 19

What is a grade 4 heart murmur

Answer 19

Audible at all 4 valves

Question 20

What is a grade 5 heart murmur

Answer 20

Precordial thrill (feel heart murmur)

Question 21

What is a grade 6 heart murmur

Answer 21

Audible with stethoscope off chest

Question 22

How to test hydration

Answer 22

Capillary refill time (< 2 seconds), skin tent over shoulder

Question 23

What is a normal respiratory rate at rest

Answer 23

< 20

• in hot summers can be 40-60*

Question 24

What should breath smell like

Answer 24

Sweat, bilaterally even

Question 25

Horses and athletes hide respiratory disease so what can be done to uncover issues

Answer 25

Exercise, rebreathing examination

Question 26

What lymph nodes are palpable

Answer 26

Mandibular, parotid, cervical, inguinal

Question 27

What should be observed/performed in musculoskeletal examination

Answer 27

Watch ambulation, palpate all limbs joints, tendons, observe ROM, pain, symmetry, perform lameness if indicated

Question 28

What should be performed during urogenital exam

Answer 28

Ensure sex, intact vs gelded Observe normal anatomy of testicles, sheath or udder

Question 29

What should be performed in GI exam

Answer 29

Listen for 10-60 seconds, upper and lower quadrants on left and right side, ventral midline

Question 30

Sound of waves on the beach indicate what

Answer 30

Sand impaction

Question 31

What noises should not be heard during GI exam

Answer 31

Pings, water dripping in cave, silence, fluid flushing

Question 32

Body condition scores

Answer 32

1- poor 2- very thin 3- thin 4- moderately thin 5- moderate 6- moderately fleshy 7- fleshy 8- fat 9-extremely fat