Lecture 7- Equine Preventative Medicine Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
What is a natural diet for horse
A
Grass/forage, salt and water
2
Q
Dietary needs are inflicted by
A
Geographic location, stabling environment, athletic discipline
3
Q
Horses consume ___% of body weight in feed per day
A
1.5-3%
4
Q
Example: 1000lb horse will eat ___lb of feed per day
A
15-30
5
Q
Horses will consume ___% of body weight in water per day
A
5%
6
Q
Example: 1000lb horse will drink ___ gallons daily
A
7
7
Q
What are some common equine diseases caused or controlled by diet
A
Endocrinopathic laminitis, obesity/insulin resistance, white muscle disease, hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, polysaccharide storage myelopathy, developmental orthopedic disease
8
Q
What type of teeth do horses have
A
Hypsodont
9
Q
How many teeth does an adult horse have
A
36-44
10
Q
Incisors number on right upper
A
101-103
11
Q
Canine number on upper right
A
104
12
Q
Wolf teeth number on upper right
A
105
13
Q
Premolars number on upper right
A
106-108
14
Q
Molar numbers on upper right
A
109-111
15
Q
Molars are lower right
A
409-411
16
Q
Premolars number on lower right
A
406-408
17
Q
Wolf teeth number on lower right
A
405
18
Q
Canine number on lower right
A
404
19
Q
Incisor numbers on lower right
A
401-403
20
Q
How often should routine dentals be done
A
Every 6-12 months
21
Q
How much do teeth erupt per year
A
4mm
22
Q
Horses anisognathic jaw (grinding) predisposes them to what
A
Sharp points which can cause oral ulcers
23
Q
Parasite control: clients have uncontrolled access to
A
Anthelmintics which can lead to resistance
24
Q
What things must be taken into consideration when prescribing dewormers
A
Age, immune status, geography, climate, population density
A one size fits all is ineffective
25
What common parasite do foals get and then get can small intestinal impactions
Ascarids (parascaris equorum)
26
Where can Ascarids be found
Dirt in the environment
27
When should you start deworming foals to prevent Ascarid impactions
6-8 weeks
28
Ascarids have widespread resistance to what type of dewormer
Macrocyclic lactones
29
What are common parasites in adults
Large and small strongyles, tapeworms, bots, pinworms
30
Which parasite causes thromboembolic colic
Large strongyles
31
What is an effective treatment of large strongyles
Invermectin once yearly absolishes disease entirely
32
What parasite causes diarrhea, weight loss, has resistance to benzimidazole
Small strongyles
33
Which parasite must we measure to determine shedding status
Small strongyles
34
Encysted small strongyles are only removed with ___ or __
Moxidectin or power pack
35
Tapeworms are commonly found in what type of hay
Baled hay
36
What parasite causes typhilitis and doesn’t show up in fecal
Tapeworms (anophlocephala perfoliata)
37
Which parasite lays eggs on hair of limbs and doesn’t show up in fecal
Bots (gasterophilius spp)
38
Which parasite comes from environmental contamination, causes excoriation of tail and anus, and doesn’t show up on fecal
Pinworms (oxyuris equi)
39
Fecal counts should be run at least every ___
3-4 months past deworming
40
FEC for low shedder
0-200epg
41
What is the deworming and FEC protocol for low shedders
Avermectin twice yearly, praziquantel once yearly, larvicidal once yearly
Check FEC twice a year just before deworming
42
What is FEC in moderate shedder
200-500epg
43
What is deworming and FEC protocol for a moderate shedder
Avermectin twice yearly, praziquantel once yearly, larvicidal once yearly
Deworm an additional 1-2 times with another class of dewormer
Check FEC twice a year
44
What is FEC for high shedder
>500epg
45
What is deworming and FEC protocol for high shedder
Avermectin twice yearly, praziquantel once yearly, larvicidal once yearly, deworm an additional 4 times with other classes of dewormer, check FEC twice a year
46
What formula can be used to determine resistance
Fecal egg count reduction test
%FECR= (FECpre-FECpost)/(FECpre) x 100%
47
FECR test only works on which parasites
Ascarids and strongyles- others don’t appear in fecals
48
What do benzimidazoles act on
Fumate reductase to interfere with carbohydrate metabolism
49
What are two examples of benzimadazoles
Fenbendazole and oxibendazole
50
What is dosing for fenbendazole
5mg/kg once
10mg/kg q24 x 5days (larvicidal)
51
What category of dewormers are safeguard and panacur
Benzimidazoles—> fenbendazole
52
What parasite is resistant to benzimidazoles
Cyathostome
53
Benzimidazoles is the drug of choice in ___ infections in foals
Ascarid
54
What is the mechanism of action for macrocyclic lactones
Increase cell permeability to Cl- leading to flaccid paralysis and death
55
What are some examples of macrocyclic lactone dewormers
Avermectin
- ivermectin
- moxidectin (quest)
56
What parasite is resistant to macrocyclic lactones
Ascarid
57
What does macrocyclic lactone dewormers reliably treat
Strongyles
58
What is the mechanism of action for tetrahydropyrimidines
Function as a cholinergic agonist
59
What is an example of tetrhydropyrimidines
Pyrantel
60
Which parasites are resistant to tetrahydropyrimidines
Ascarids and cyathostomes
61
Which parasites are tetrahydropyrimidines effective against
Adult strongyles and tapeworms at double dose
62
What is the mechanism of action of praziquantel
Induces spastic paralysis and disrupts tegument
63
What does praziquantel treat
Tapeworms
64
What are some examples of praziquantel
Equimax, quest plus, zimecterin gold
65
Vaccine effectiveness is based on
Vaccine construct, storage and disease incubation period
66
____ immunity is key
Herd
67
What is the criteria for identifying core vaccines
Public health risk/legally mandated
Endemic disease
Severe disease
Favorable risk/beenfit
68
When do foals receive first vaccination
3-6 months
69
What are the core vaccinations for horses
Rabies, tetanus, viral encephalitides: eastern, west ear, Venezuelan, west nile
70
How often are horses vaccinated for rabies
Annually
71
How often are horses vaccinated for tetanus
Yearly after initial series
72
How often are hoses vaccinated for eastern and western encephalitis
Initial dose, booster 3-4 weeks later and then annually 1 month prior to mosquito season
Endemic areas perhaps twice yearly
73
How often should horses be vaccinated for West Nile virus
Initial vaccine, booster 3-4 weeks later and then vaccinated annually before mosquito season
Endemic areas, twice yearly
74
What are 3 non-core vaccines but are considered at risk
Influenza, equine herpes virus types 1 and 4, streptococcus equi (strangles)
75
How often should horses be vaccinated for influenza
2-3 booster series, 3-4 weeks apart and then yearly
76
Vaccines to protect against equine herpesviruses are licensed for protection against what
Respiratory disease/abortion
77
Viral shedding of equine herpesvirus has been reduced in horses with high _____ and who have been vaccinated with ____
High circulating antibody titers of VN antibody and vaccinated with rhino immune MLV vaccine
78
None of the available equine herpes vaccines claim to prevent ____
Neurologic form of EHV-1 infection
79
How often should horses be vaccinated against strangles via intranasally route
2 administrations intranasally 2 weeks apart then annually
80
How often should horses be vaccinated against strangles with the intramuscular version
Requires series of 3-4 injections at 3 week interval then annually
81
What is the disease vector for strangles
Inapparent carries (guttural pouch chondroids)
82
83
What is the disease vector for equine encephalitides
Mosquitoes
