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EXCI 455 > Lecture 3: Psychological and Sociocultural Aspects of PA for OA > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Psychological and Sociocultural Aspects of PA for OA Flashcards

1
Q

What are some aging stetreotypes

A

losses and decline
doom and gloom
perceived as a negative condition
perceived as a social problem

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2
Q

Do most OA view themselves as disadvantaged or in decline?

A

No

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3
Q

What is agesim

A

Discrimination against a person based on the chronological age

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4
Q

Explain 5 types of discrimination faced by Canadian seniors from most common to least common

A
  1. Ignored and treated as invisible
  2. Nothing to contribute
  3. Incompetent
  4. Hard of hearing
  5. Memory loss
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5
Q

Based on the perception from older adults, who are the top 5 groups of people responsible for discrimination faced by OA?

A
  1. Younger people
  2. Health care system/professionals
  3. Government
  4. Employers
  5. Local businesses
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6
Q

What are the 3 constitutional elements of ageism

A
  1. Prejudicial attitudes towards are and aging process
  2. Discriminatory practices against the elderly (employment and social roles)
  3. Institutional policies that reduce life opportunities and personal dignity (black market baths)
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7
Q

What is a social stigma

A

A set of negative and unfair beliefs that a society/group of people have about something

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8
Q

As an exercise specialist, give 4 examples on how you can promote positive images of aging in your center

A
  1. physically active OA can act as public speaker
  2. hire OA as staff members
  3. post photos of physically active OA on a bulletin board in the facility where you teach
  4. contact the media to publish testimonials from your participants on how PA improved their lives
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9
Q

Why were OA discouraged to join PA programs in the past?

A

Physical activity is too demanding and OA are too frail

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10
Q

True or False: All aspects of health and physical function deteriorate (continually) as we age

A

FALSE

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11
Q

True of False: All changes in health and functional abilities of older people are natural consequences of growing older

A

FALSE

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12
Q

What are 5 common myths in the Active older adult?

A
  1. you have to be healthy to exercise
    WRONG! the goal of PA is to improve health one step at a time
  2. I am too old to start exercising
    WRONG! PA can benefit all ages - even centenarians
  3. you need special clothing and equipment
  4. no pain no gain
  5. i am too busy to exercise
    Wrong- simply need to adapt to a new daily routine (20 min walk around the mall)
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13
Q

Describe the study “Effects of progressive resistance training on body comp in frail older adults: results of a randomized controlled trial”

A

91 sedentary men and woman with physical frailty enrolled in a 3 month trial of exercise training had a peak aerobic power between 10 and 18 with 2 instrumental ADL or one basic
CTL group low intensity ET program or supervised group that performed 3 months of low intensity exercise and 3 of PTR
the supervised group had greater improvements of knee extension FFM increased

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14
Q

Describe the FITT principle for the study

A

Frequency: 3 x / week; 36 sessions in 3 months
Intensity: 1-RM measured during knee extension, flexion, seated bench press, seated row, leg press and biceps curl
Goal: do 3 sets of 8-12 reps at 85%-100% of the initial 1-RM at the end of the program
Type: Progressive Resistance training
Time: 60-90 min sessions

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15
Q

Why were 1-RM measurements repeated at monthly intervals?

A

To readjust work load intensity because 1RM is increasing

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16
Q

What were the main Results of the study

A

They improved in everything, % improvements ranged from 12-43% after exercise training

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17
Q

What are two specific psychological conditions that early focused on the effect of PA

A
  1. Depression

2. Anxiety

18
Q

Why has this researched tapered off

A

Because clinicians determined that only a small proportion of older adults actually suffer from these conditions

19
Q

What 3 current characteristics do research studies focus the effect of PA on psychological well-being

A
  1. Self esteem
  2. Self efficacy
  3. General well-being
20
Q

Is mental health/illness an important field of intervention in kinesiology?

A

Yes

21
Q

Aging is associated with __________

A

A loss of perceived control

22
Q

What is self-efficacy?

A

an individuals sense of control of his/her environment and ability to function effectively

23
Q

What is the recommended duration of an exercise program to see greater effects on psychological well being vs shorter programs

A

10 weeks

24
Q

True or False: Maintaining cognitive function is NOT vital to quality of life in later years

A

False: Maintaining cognitive function IS vital to quality of life in later years

25
Q

What combo of skills (6) is involved in cognitive functioning

A
  1. memory
  2. attention span
  3. learning
  4. goal setting
  5. decision making
  6. problem solving
26
Q

Which type of PA does research suggest that physically active and fit OA process cognitive information more efficient than less fit OA

A

Aerobic and Strength

27
Q

The study done by Colcombe and Kramer looked at what 4 categories

A
  1. Speed tasks: simple tasks requiring rapid response times (space bar when light comes on)
  2. Visuospatial tasks: tasks that required rotating real or imaginary objects in 3D (a puzzle)
  3. Controlled processing tasks: effortless processing strategies - become auto with practice (driving)
  4. Executive control tasks: require coordination, inhibition, working memory. Doesn’t become auto (solving novel problems, modifying behavior in the light of new info, generating strategies to reach a goal)
28
Q

Rank the Results that PA had the greatest impact on
A) Speed Tasks
B) Visuospatial tasks
C) Controlled Processing Tasks
D) Performance of Executive Control Tasks

A

1) Performance of Executive Control Tasks
2) Controlled processing tasks
3) Visuospatial tasks
4) Speed tasks

29
Q

Obviously combining strength training with aerobic training is best, however if they had to be separate which one is the best

A

Aerobic training alone is better than strength training alone

30
Q

Define quality of life

A

An individuals conscious judgment of satisfaction with his life

31
Q

Name 2 self-report inventories

A
  1. Life satisfaction inventory

2. Satisfaction with life scale

32
Q

How many questions in the life satisfaction survey

and how is it rated

A

25 question
0 - 4
0 = never
4 = always

33
Q

What are the 2 ways to interpret the score on the life satisfaction survey

A 
1. Cumulative Score
81-100: content
61-80: okay
41-60: not going in the right direction
less than 40: lacks fulfillment
2. interpret it based on the 25 different areas
34
Q

Medically, QOL can be divided into what 2 domains

A
  1. Functioning

2. Wellness/Well-Being

35
Q

What 3 aspects determine functioning

A

Physical ability and dexterity
Cognition
Ability to perform ADLs

36
Q

What 4 aspects determine wellness

A

Physical symptoms and bodily states
Emotional Wellbeing
Self-Concept
Global perception of health and life style satisfactiom

37
Q

What are 2 immediate psychological benefits of PA for OA’s

A
  1. Relaxation
    decreases stress and anxiety
    tip: encourage OA to build daily PA breaks
  2. Enhanced mood state
    PA can help counter some of the negative effects of decreased health and isolation
38
Q

What are 4 long term psychological benefits of PA

A
  1. general well being: increase self esteem and self efficacy and self control
  2. improved mental health: decrease depressions and anxiety
  3. cognitive improvements: help postpone a decrease in cognitive performance
  4. monitor control and performance: help improve balance and decrease fall risk
  5. skill aquisition
39
Q

Define social functioning

A

ability to adjust to changing roles and responsibilities associated with growing older

40
Q

What are 3 examples where an aging person may need to adjust

A

retirement
death of spouse
moving

41
Q

What are 3 immediate benefits of social implications of PA

A

Empowerment
Independence
Self Efficacy
These will help OA play a more active role in society

42
Q

What are 5 long terms benefits of social implications on PA

A 
Social integration
New friendships
Widen social and cultural networks
New roles
Enhanced shared activities

EXCI 455 (12 decks)

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