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EXCI 455 > Lecture 6: Field-Based Physical & Mobility Assessments > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Field-Based Physical & Mobility Assessments Flashcards

1
Q

Performing Assessments will help you with what 6 things

A
  1. Help identify and predict if a participant is at risk for mobility problems and disability (OA)
  2. Determine if the program is appropriate for the older exercising population (OA)
  3. Motivate your participants to set personal goals (OA & YA)
  4. Select exercises that meet specific needs of older participants (OA)
  5. Provide meaningful feedback to participants (OA & YA)
  6. Document the benefits of your physical activity program (OA & YA)
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2
Q

For the Chair Sit and Reach test which muscle is being tested and what side should you be on

A

The hamstrings muscles are being assessed and you should be kneeling on the side of the extended leg. Ensure that the knee of the participant is not bent

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3
Q

Functional Fitness Framework:
Identifies______
Relates_______

A

Functional Fitness Framework:

Identifies physical fitness parameters associated with functional mobility

Relates functional mobility and ADL

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4
Q

In the functional Fitness Framework what are the Physical Parameters

A

Muscle
-Strength and endurance

Aerobic endurance

Flexibility

Motor Ability

  • Balance
  • coordination
  • speed/agility
  • power

Physical impairment

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5
Q

In the functional Fitness Framework what are the functions

A

Walking
-stair climbing

Standing up from a chair

Lifting/reaching

bending/kneeling
Jogging/running

Functional Limitation

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6
Q

In the functional Fitness Framework what are the Activity Goals

A

Personal care
-shopping/errands

Housework

Gardening

Sports
Traveling

Physical disability
Dependance

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7
Q

Define Physical Impairment

A

Loss/abnormality at the tissue, organ, or body system level

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8
Q

Define Functional Limitation

A

Restriction in physical behaviors (rising from a chair, lifting or climbing stairs)

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9
Q

Physical Disability

A

Restriction in the ability to perform a task or an activity

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10
Q

In the example of increasing quad muscles leading to the increase in ability to climb stairs which leads to an increase in ADL, place each one in the physical fitness framework

A

Quad Strength = Physical Parameter (physical impairment)

Stair climbing = Function (functional limitation)

ADL = Activity goals (physical disability)

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11
Q

Should OA do squats

A

Yes!

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12
Q

In the articles about squats and older adults what was the purpose of the study

A

To determine the relationships of the quad rate of torque development and the time to peak torque with the physical function of the elderly

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13
Q

What were the results of the study

A

The time to peak torque showed significant correlation with all measures of physical activity tests

Isometric and Isokinetic torques had no significant correlations with any of the physical activity tests

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14
Q

What is the best type of squat for OA

A

Fast squats - improve the speed because the OA’s that have a faster time to peak torque were the ones who performed best in the tasks

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15
Q

What are the 4 common obstacles with assessments

A
  1. Lack of time, space, budget
  2. Lack of trained personnel (to administer the test or interpret the test)
  3. Lack of assessment tools
  4. Absence of a requirement by facility management
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16
Q

Are most PA centers for OA good at conducting field based assessments?

A

Yes, for the initial assessment but not for follow up

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17
Q

What are the 2 major criteria for selection and evaluation of test instruments

A

1) Practicality

2) Psychometric properties

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18
Q

What is practicality

A

The “usability” of the test

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19
Q

What are the 5 factors that influence usability

A
  1. Medical supervision or permission required and available
  2. Time needed to administer and score the test
  3. Personnel and expertise needed to administer the test
  4. Level of fatigue to participant per test
  5. Is the test meaningful to your participants
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20
Q

What does psychometric properties refer to

A

Refers to the degree the test will meet specific and established test construction guidelines

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21
Q

What are the 4 psychometric properties

A
  1. Reliability
  2. Validity
  3. Discrimination Power
  4. Performance Standards
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22
Q

Define Reliability

A

Refers to the degree that two test scores are similar when tested under identical conditions

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23
Q

When a test is reliable it is free of

A

Measurement error
Referred to as Test-Re-Test Reliability
Should be ABOVE 0.8
Must originate from published protocol

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24
Q

Define Inter-Rater Reliability

A

When scores obtained from multiple testers are very similar

High correlation

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25
Q

Define Validity

A

Refers to the test having shown to measure what it is intended to measure

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26
Q

What is the most important characteristic of any test

A

Validity

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27
Q

What is criterion related validity

A

Development of a new test, evaluates a tests validity by comparing its scores with others scores already found to be valid

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28
Q

Give an example of criterion related validity

A

30-second chair stand test vs lab based measure such as the 1 RM leg press on the biodex

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29
Q

What is the acceptable correlation value for criterion related validity

A

values ABOVE 0.7

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30
Q

Define Content Validity

A

The degree to which a test measured the domain of interest

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31
Q

Content validity is determined by who

A

Experts in the field

Example: the domain of interest of the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale is balance

32
Q

What is predictive validity

A

Ability of a test to predict the future outcome of the test

Research data must show a strong statistical prediction to the future outcome

33
Q

What score on the Fullerton Balance scale indicates a high risk of falls

A

less than or equal to 25

34
Q

What is discrimination power

A

ability of the test to detect changes in performance over time

to assess a change in performance over time or in relation to an intervention, the test should have a minimum floor or ceiling effect

35
Q

What is a floor effect

A

When the test is too difficult for specific subjects being tested

36
Q

What is a ceiling effect

A

When the test is too easy for specific subjects being tested

37
Q

When using the berg balance scale
Floor effect: none of the participants would be able to score above______

Ceiling effect: participants woulds score _____ on most test items

A

When using the berg balance scale
Floor effect: none of the participants would be able to score above 0

Ceiling effect: participants woulds score 4 on most test items

38
Q

On the Berg Balance Scale items 12-14 are most difficult for most_____

A

hemiparietic participants and elderly with balance problems = close supervision is extremely important = can lead to a floor effect

39
Q

Performance Standard Interpretation of the scores (providing feedback to participants) consists of what 2 thing?

A
  1. Norm-referenced standards

2. Criterion-referenced standards

40
Q

What are norm-referenced standards?

A

Evaluates by comparing others to the same GENDER and AGE

41
Q

What are criterion-referenced standards

A

Evaluate performance in relation to a particular reference point or specific goal

42
Q

Give an example of how criterion-references standards evaluates performance in relation to a particular reference point or specific goal

A

Fitness level to climb stairs or to remain functionally independent

43
Q

What are the 2 field based assessment tools designed to measure physical impairments and functional limitations in OA?

A
  1. Senior fitness test

2. Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale

44
Q

How many pub med papers on the FAB

A

49

45
Q

Is the FAB more demanding than BERG

A

yes

46
Q

What are the 5 good reasons for using the senior fitness test?

A
  1. Meets psychometric properties (reliable, discriminative and valid)
  2. Is convenient and practical in terms of equipment, training space, and time requirements
  3. Has norm-referenced standards for interpretability of test results: 5 year age group norms for independent living men and women aged 60-94 (established on large groups of participants)
  4. Allow OA to perform that test safely without the need for a medical release (most cases)
  5. Evaluates a large range of physical abilities and functions
47
Q

What are the 7 components of the SFT

A
  1. 30 sec chair stand
  2. 30 sec arm curl
  3. 6 min walk
  4. 2 min step test
  5. chair sit and reach test
  6. back scratch
  7. 8 foot up and go
48
Q

What is the purpose and risk zone for the 30 s chair stand

A

Purpose: To assess lower body strength

Risk: less than 8 unassisted stands for men and women

49
Q

What is the purpose, description and risk zone for the 30 sec arm curl

A

Purpose: To assess upper body strength

Description: 5 lbs for woman and 8 lbs for men

Risk: less than 11 curls using correct form for men and women

50
Q

What is the purpose and risk for the 6 min walk

A

Purpose: To assess aerobic endurance

Risk: Less than 350 yards / 320 meters for men and women

51
Q

What is the purpose and risk for the 2 min step test

A

Purpose: Alternate aerobic endurance test

Risk: less than 65 steps for both men and women

52
Q

What is the purpose and the risk for the chair sit and reach test

A

Purpose: To assess lower body flexibility

Risk:
Men: -4 inches or more (inches away from the toes)
Women: -2 inches or more

*at the toe = 0, beyond toes = +

53
Q

What is the purpose and the risk zone for the back scratch test

A

Purpose: To assess upper body shoulder flexibility

Risk:
Men: -8 inches
Women: -4 inches

*can choose whatever side the want, when fingers overlap its +)

54
Q

What i the purpose and risk zone for the 8 foot up and go test

A

Purpose: To assess agility and dynamic balance)

Risk: more than 9 seconds

*walker allowed if noted

55
Q

The Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale is a series of _____ functional tests which assess both ______&______ balance under varied ________ conditions

A

The Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale is a series of 10 functional tests which assess both STATIC & DYNAMIC balance under varied SENSORY conditions

56
Q

What point scale is used to measure the outcome of the test

A

4 point

57
Q

the FAB has high (4)

A
  1. Predictive Validity
  2. test-re-test reliability
  3. intra and interrater reliability
  4. Content validity
58
Q

What is the relationship between probability of falling and FAB score

A

Negative, as the FAB score increase, the probability of falling decreases

59
Q

Who is the author of “Prediction which older adults will or will not fall using the FAB scale

A

Hernandez D, Rose DJ

60
Q

What was the objective of the study

A

The purpose of the study was to determine if the FAV scale can predict faller status in a group of independently functioning older adults

61
Q

What was a faller classified as

A

an older adults with a history of 2 or more falls in the pervious 12 months

62
Q

What was the participant description

A

A sample of independently functioning older adults (N=192 mean age=77+/-6.5)

63
Q

What were the main outcome measures

A

FAB scale, a retrospective history of falls

64
Q

What were the results of the study

A

a regressions analysis indicated that the total FAB scale score could be used to predict fall status. In this sample the probability of falling increased by 8% with each 1 pnt decrease in the FAB scale. Cut off score of 25/40 had the highest sensitivity and specificity in predicting fall status.
5 test items were the best fall status and could be combined to form a short versions of the scale

65
Q

What was the conclusion

A

The FAB scale is a predictive measure of faller status when used with independently functioning older adults. A practitioner can be confident in more than 7 out of the 10 cases that an older adult who scores 25 or lower on the FAB scale is at high risk for falls and in need of immediate intervention

66
Q

the FAB is an excellent test for OA without what type of issues

A

balance issues

67
Q

For lower functioning OA due to chronic diseases and disabilities (stroke, parkinsons…) its better to use?

A

Easier test such as Berg Balance Scale

68
Q

What are the 10 items on the FAB scale and does it measure Posture (P), Stepping (S) or Time (T)

A
  1. Stand with feet together and eyes closed (sensory) (P+T)
  2. Reach forward to retrieve an object (pencil) help at shoulder height with outstretched arm (P+S)
  3. Turn 360 degrees in right and left directions (P+S)
  4. Step onto and over a 6 inch bench (P)
  5. Tandem Walk (S)
  6. Stand on one leg (P+T)
  7. Stand on foam with eyes closed (sensory)
  8. Two-footed jump (jumping)
  9. Walk with head turns (P+S)
  10. Reactive postural control (P+S)
69
Q

When evaluating Risk for Falls, Long form is how many items and what is the cut off score

A

Long Form = 10 items

Cut off = less than or equal to 25/40 is high risk

70
Q

When evaluating Risk for Falls, Short form is how many items and what is the cut off score

A

Short Form = 4, 5, 6, 7

Cut off = less than or equal to 9/16 is high risk

71
Q

When interpreting the results of the SFT, Performance Norms are based over how man OA and what ages?

A

Norms based on over 7000 community dwelling OA between ages of 60 and 94

72
Q

What is ‘normal’ define as

A

defines as the middle 50% of the population

73
Q

When interpreting the results of the SFT, criterion standards scores are compared to a threshold scores which can be used to identify what

A

U/sed to identify participants at risk for mobility problems, falls or disability

74
Q

Prior to the test, participants must complete?

A
  1. a health and PA questionnaire
  2. informed consent
  3. medical clearance if required
75
Q

On assessment day participants must be advised

A
  1. to avoid heavy exertion and alcohol use for 24 hours before testing
  2. to eat a light mean one hour before testing
  3. to wear appropriate clothing for exercise

OA are stressed out before this assessment

EXCI 455 (12 decks)

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