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EXCI 455 > Lecture 2: Predictors of Successful Aging > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Predictors of Successful Aging Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 R’s that helped Esther get to 100

A

Resolution
Resilience
Rescourcefulness

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2
Q

True of false: There is a direct relationship between $ & :) up to 80,000$

A

TRUE

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3
Q

What percentage does genetics contribute to the aging process?

A

20-30%

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4
Q

According to WHO what factors contribute to the model of successful aging? (8)

A
  1. genetics
  2. health and social services
  3. life style choices and behaviors
  4. psychological attributes
  5. life events
  6. socioeconomic status
  7. physical and social environment
  8. culture and gender
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5
Q

What are the 2 main categories of the Modern Biological Theory of Aging?

A
  1. Programmed Theory

2. Damage/Error Theory (easier to demonstrate, more papers on it in pub med)

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6
Q

What is the programmed theory?

A

Aging follows a biological timetable that depends on changes in GENE expression affecting systems responsible for maintenance, repair and defence responses

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7
Q

What is the damage/error theory

A

ENVIRONMENTAL stress to living organisms would induce cumulative damage at various levels as the cause of aging

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8
Q

What are the 3 sub categories of the programmed theory?

A
  1. Programmed longevity
  2. Endocrine theory
  3. Immunological theory
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9
Q

What is the programmed longevity theory

A

Aging is the result of a sequential switching on and off of certain genes with senescence (deterioration) being defined as the time when age associated deficits are manifested

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10
Q

What is the endocrine theory

A

Biological clocks (pre programmed) act through hormones to control the pace of aging. Supported by recent studies showing that INSULIN plays a key role in the hormonal regulation of aging

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11
Q

What is the immunological theory

A

The immune system is programmed to decline over time, which leads to an increased vulnerability to infectious disease and thus aging and death

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12
Q

What are the 5 sub categories of the damage/error theory

A
  1. Wear and tear
  2. Rate of living
  3. Cross linking
  4. Free radical
  5. Somatic DNA
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13
Q

What is the wear and tear theory

A

Cells and tissues have vital parts that wear out from repeated use resulting in aging (like an old car)

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14
Q

What is the rate of living theory

A

The greater an organism’s rate of oxygen basal metabolism, the shorter its life span

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15
Q

What is the cross linking theory

A

Accumulation of cross linked proteins would damage cells and tissues, slowing down bodily processes resulting in aging
Proposed by Johan Bjorksten in 1942

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16
Q

What is the free radical theory (1954)

A

Superoxide and other free radicals would cause damage to the macromolecular components of the cell, causing cells and eventually organs to stop functioning (sells a lot of products)
The macromolecules such as nucleic acids, lipids, sugars and proteins are susceptible to free radical attack

17
Q

What is the somatic DNA theory

A

Aging would result from damage to the genetic integrity of the body’s cells. In particular genetic mutations and damage to mitochondrial DNA would affect the body’s cells.

18
Q

According to the rate of living theory which factor would contribute more to life expectancy
Animal size or animal heart rate

A

Heart Rate

19
Q

True of False: it has been found that restricting calories can extend life span in laboratory animals

A

TRUE

20
Q

Is there a positive of negative relationship between heart rate and life expectancy?

A

Negative, slower heart rates lead to longer lives

21
Q

True or False: As you age cross linking increases and the amount of oxidative modification increases

A

TRUE

22
Q

True or False: free radicals attack the lipid membrane and proteins

A

TRUE

23
Q

The psychological theory of aging is a theory of selective ______ with ________

A

The psychological theory of aging is a theory of selective optimization with compensation

24
Q

According to the psychological theory of aging, successful aging = ability of an OA to adapt to?

A

Physical, mental and social losses in later life

25
Q

What are the 3 behavioral management strategies to maintain functional independence later in life

A
  1. Focusing on high priority areas of life
  2. Optimizing remaining personal skills that enrich and enhance life (friends)
  3. Compensating for losses of physical and mental function by using personal strategies (use a disability scooter is you cant drive a car)
26
Q

According the the psychological theory of aging, what are the 6 key factors of successful aging?

A
  1. Intelligence: Ability to learn and adapt to new environments
  2. Cognitive capacity: Memory, mental processing speed, problem solving
  3. Self Efficacy: A belief in ones capabilities to handle situations and tasks later in life
  4. Self esteem: feelings about ones self
  5. Coping style: How one adapts to transition and handles daily hassles and crises
  6. Resilience: Ability to overcome adversity (3 r’s)
27
Q

Which famous psychologist stated “Peoples level of motivation, affective states, and actions are based on what they BELIEVE than on what is objectively the case?

A

Albert Bandura

28
Q

What are 2 sociological theories?

A
  1. Activity theory

2. Continuity theory

29
Q

What is the activity theory?

A

It is what we do - older adults who STAY engaged in mental and physical ADLS tend to age in a healthier and happier way

30
Q

What is the continuity theory?

A

OA who ages successfully MAINTAIN forward positive health habits, preferences, lifestyles and relationships from MIDDLE life to later life

31
Q

Adequate social and physical environments will decrease __________ & _________ and increase __________ & _________

A

Adequate social and physical environments will decrease mortality & morbidity and increase health & well being

EXCI 455 (12 decks)

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