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Sherry ANBI 411 > Lecture 30 > Flashcards

Lecture 30 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest and what is the smallest kind of cat and how many cat species are there?

A
  • Felidae family consists of 37 species
  • Tiger is the largest, and rusty-spotted cat is the smallest
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2
Q

What are the exceptions to when felines are not solitary and territorial?

A
  • Mating
  • Kitten rearing
  • play
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3
Q

Which felines are the only ones with social behaviour?

A
  • Cheetahs
  • African Lions
  • Domestic cats
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4
Q

What is social behaviour in cheetahs like?

A
  • Litters remain together until they become 6 month old when females disperse
  • Males mostly remain with siblings for the rest of their lives
  • Better defense of territory: better monopolization of females
  • Increased survival
  • Decrease predation by lions
  • Larger prey size: team work
  • Inclusive fitness theory
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5
Q

What is the social behaviour for female kinships in lions like?

A
  • All females breed, unlike other felines
  • Cubs are kept hidden for 6 weeks before introducing them to the pride - bonding, recognition, protect cubs
  • Highly cooperative: mothers take care of their cubs together
  • Control of another’s reproductive success through aggression would most likely disadvantage both parties
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6
Q

What is the social behaviour for male groups in lions like?

A
  • Male siblings remain in groups and compete for females with other groups
  • Offspring of previous groups are killed when former males are displaced (infanticide)
  • Groups of males may associated with one or more groups of females
  • Males displace females and younger animals when feeding (males eat first)
  • Advantages: defense of territories with reliable and abundant supplies of prey
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7
Q

How does the social behaviour of lions differ from other felines?

A

Lions are the most socially complex felines known: females and males live in group. Everyone breeds, reducing competition

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8
Q

What is the social behaviour in Felis Silvestris wildcat?

A
  • No group living besides mothers and offspring
  • Strongly territorial but not asocial
  • Communication with neighbouring territories due to scent
  • Wild cats do not adopt group living even if enough resources are available
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9
Q

What is the wild cat and what is the subspecies that is closest to the domestic cat?

A

Wild cat - Felis silvestric
* mitochondrial DNA of F.s. catus (domestic cat) is almost identical to F.s. Lybica (Arabia or North Africa)

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10
Q

What is the history of domestication for the cat?

A
  • Wildcats and domestic cats split about 10,000 years ago
  • Socialization might have started with the creation of man-made grain stores
  • Expansion of house mouse
  • Introducation of cats into urban areas to control mice populations
    -followed by a reductionin flight responce to humans
  • Reproductive isolation of cats associated with human settlements
    Concentration of prey large enough to support more than a female and their offspring
  • Intraspecific sociality became adaptive to secure good quality territories with a consistent food supply
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11
Q

What is the social behaviour in female F. Silvertris catus?

A
  • Remarkable degree of flexibility in their social arrangements
  • Free-living females build colonies with siblings and their kittens dependent on Population density, distribution of suitable territories, availability of suitable mates, and the cost-benefit relationship of assisting kin

Dominance hierarchy
* Adults are both breeders and helpers
* Mothers recognize their offspring but also take care of unrelated kittens
* Feeding priority is given to juveniles under 1 year old

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12
Q

What are the benefits for feral cats who are in group living?

A
  • Reduce competition with other females
  • Protection from males
  • Protection from predators
  • Defense of good territories (food and shelter)
  • Better use of resources
  • Shared information
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13
Q

What is a disadvantage to feral cats living in groups?

A

transmission of viruses

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14
Q

What is the social behaviour in male F. Silvertris catus?

A
  • Strong territoriality
  • Free-living males older than 1 year become solitary
  • No coalitions are formed (unlike cheetahs or lions)
  • Fight for mates
  • Temporal associations of males with female
  • colonies
  • No infanticides because they dont recognize their own
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15
Q

What is the key requirements for socialization?

A

Communication and recognition

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16
Q

What situations cause communication in cats?

A
  • Mating
  • Mother-kitten relationships
  • Play behaviour
17
Q

What are the different communication signals that cats use?

A
  • Except for agonistic or mother-kitten relationship, colonies are remarkably silent
  • Cats territoriality and can be lethal
  • Agonistic and affiliative signals developed to avoid fights

Scent marking
* Scent and pheromone producing organs
* Highly sensitive nose
* Vomeronasal organ receptor: located at the rood of the mouth and connects both the nasal and oral cavities

18
Q

What is agonistic behaviour in cats?

A
  • Fight is the last resource
  • Agonistic behaviour
  • Staring, horizontal tail, lashing of the tail, assuming threatening postures to maximize body appearance, ritualized vocal duels, baring of canines, striking a paw, biting, non-sexual mount, chasing
  • Submissive signals:
  • Avoidance, elevation, crouching, retreat, rolling
19
Q

What is affiliative behaviour in cats?

A
  • It is sexually dimorphic
  • Between adult females
  • Males keep apart and roam by themselves from group to group
  • It likely originates from mother-kitten behaviour
  • Allogrooming Hygiene
  • Tail up and head rubbing: greeting or food solicitation
  • Colonies formation promoted the evolution of ritualized signals for affiliation among adults
20
Q

What are affiliative behaviour signals in cats?

A
  • Tail Up posture: usually initiated by the younger, smaller cat, or females
  • Precedes other affiliative signals
  • Allorub: exchange of odour
  • Allogroom
  • Social sniff
  • There are at least 40 different chemical substances in facial secretion and only 13 are common among all cats
21
Q

What is mating behaviour in cats?

A

Highly stereotyped and conspicuous sequence of events
* Calling to attract males
* Rolling around on belly and back
* Holding her tail to the side to expose genitalia
* Excessive affection
* Excessive rubbing against inanimate objects: scent and pheromones

22
Q

What is the mother-kitten relationship?

A
  • Prenatal phase: kitten’s preference for food that the mother ate during pregnancy
  • 0-2wks: Early stage of development: dependent on mother. Touch, taste and smell
  • 3-8/9 wks: mobility and some independence. Critical period of socialization
  • Mothers clean their kittens
  • Call their mother
  • Display the Tail Up signal when they see their mother
  • Head rubbing
23
Q

What is play behaviour in cats?

A
  • Primarily a juvenile activity
  • Social play increases from week 4 to week 12 after birth, and then it decreases
  • In the absence of littermates a kitten will try to play with its mother
  • Isolated kittens might not learn how to play, hindering their social communication skills - aggression
24
Q

What is the relationship like between humans and cats?

A
  • evidence from 2000 - 4000 years ago in egypt
  • Communication with humans includes visual, tactile, and auditory signals
25
Q

What are the visual signals that cats use?

A
  • Tail Up posture
  • No eye contact
  • Position of the external ears
  • Subtle tail movements
  • Other learned behaviours:
  • Jumping up, swiping with paw, etc
26
Q

What are the tactiles of companion cats?

A
  • Rubbing
  • Licking
  • Kneading
27
Q

What are the auditory signals that cats use?

A
  • Meowing: used to attract human attention, and with varied repertoire depending on the situation. Very rare in colonies
  • Purring: calming and to maintain contact
28
Q

What are the implications for cat welfare?

A
  • Cohabiting indoor cats tend to be aggressive with each other
  • Usually unidirectional
  • Reduced if they are related or grew together
  • Obligated proximity with other cats
  • Territoriality
29
Q

What are signals of stress in cats?

A
  • Displacement (blocking resources)
  • Grooming
  • Scratching
  • Exaggerated swallowing
  • Head shaking
  • Excessive soiling

Sherry ANBI 411 (32 decks)

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