Lecture 19 Flashcards
what could be considered one of the ultimate cause of social behaviour
Space
What can social relationship lead to?
- Aggregation ( food avalible, mating, environment)
- Territorial behaviour
Lone animals could result from:
- Physical environment
- Pushed from a herd
- Age
- Chance of mortality
Three most common types of social behaviours are:
- Dominance hierarchies
- Agonistic behaviour
- Territoriality
What is territoriality?
One animal or a group of animals controls an area and its resources by repelling other animals through many ways (urine, poop)
Why is territory always changing in size and shape?
- Food availability
- Size of population
- Season (cold - they group together)
Why defend a territory?
- Reproductive fitness
- Food availability
What are the two methods of defending territory?
- Overt aggression
- Signalling (less risk of injury, less energy) - visual, eye contact, posturing, growling
How do horses use signalling to mark territory?
- Territories marked by olfactory cues
- Wild/feral horses use manure piles along pathways which can actually separate bands of horses
- In pastured horses, the stallion will actually back into an existing manure pile of his and eliminate there to create larger piles with his own scent
How do cattle signal to mark territory?
- Erratic movements
- Tail flicking
- Ground pawing
- Turning sideways
- Pinned ears
- snorting
What are the factors that cause size of territory?
- Species
- Gender of the animal
- Food availability
- Predators
- cost of protecting territory
Why are the territories of wild jungle fowl and one in zoo different?
jungle= 8-32km
zoo= 50-75m
food and water, and protected
What is the benefit to sharing territory?
Owners sometimes allow satellites to share food if plentiful, satellites can help defend owner (produces vs scroungers)
How does individual space differ in hens?
- Far away when walking
- Closer when ground pecking
- Even closer when standing
- Closest when preening
depends on behaviour being preformed
What do livestock need space for?
- Grazing - feeding
- Social interaction
- Manure issues
- Exercise
- mental stimulation
- Behavioural preferences