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BIOC - metabolism > lecture 32 - the electron transport chain > Flashcards

lecture 32 - the electron transport chain Flashcards

1
Q

what is the coupled process of oxidation phosphorylation

A
  • electron transported through the electron transport chain (ETC)

and

  • the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP-synthase

they are coupled by a proton gradient

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2
Q

what are the main points of the electron transport chain

A
  • electrons are passed through a series of carriers
  • electrons from NADH and FADH2 are fed into chain (they are oxidised)
  • these will reduce oxygen to water
  • protons are pumped as electrons are transported through the ECT
  • builds a proton gradient
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3
Q

what is feed into the electron transport chain

A

electrons from NADH and FADH2

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4
Q

what is the terminal acceptor in the electron transport chain

A

oxygen

  • will be reduced to water
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5
Q

where does the electron transport chain take place and what does it require

A

in the inner membrane of the mitochondria = requires oxygen

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6
Q

what is necessaryb to build a proton gradient in the electron transport chain

A

the inner membrane (barrier)

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7
Q

what are the two mobile carriers of the electron transport chain

A
  • ubiquinone
  • cytochrome
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8
Q

what occurs at each carrier through the electron transport chain

A

redox reactions

  • each carrier accepts electrons (is reduced) in one redox reaction
  • then donates electrons (is oxidised) in another redox reaction
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9
Q

what happens as electrons move through the electron transport chain

A

energy is released

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10
Q

what part of the mitochondria has higher H+

A

the inter-membrane space

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11
Q

what part of the mitochondria has lower H+

A

the matrix

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12
Q

what are the two possible flow of electrons through the ETC

A

NADH > Complex 1 > UQ > Complex III > Cyt c > Complex IV > O2

or

FADH2 > Complex II > UQ > Complex III > Cyt c > Complex IV > O2

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13
Q

what does Rotenone inhibit in the ETC

A

inhibits electron transfer from Complex I to Co-Q (UQ)

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14
Q

what does Cyanide do in the ETC

A

binds to carrier in Complex IV

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15
Q

what does carbon monoxide do in the ETC

A

binds where O2 binds

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16
Q

what are the effects of inhibitors of the electron transport chain

A
  • stop flow of electrons through the ETC
  • no proton gradient formed (ATP not made)
  • build up of reduced co-enzymes (NADH and FADH2) means no oxidising power for other pathways
17
Q

what occurs at Complex I of the ETC

A
  • NADH is oxidised
  • two e- released into the ETC
  • four protons are pumped for each NADH oxidised
18
Q

what occurs at Complex II of the ETC

A
  • FADH2 is oxidised
  • SDH reaction is shared citric acid cycle
  • two electrons released into the ETC
  • no protons are pumped
19
Q

how many electrons do Complex I and Complex II both pass to UQ / CoQ

A

they both pass two electrons

20
Q

where can UQ move

A

within the inner mitochondrial membrane

21
Q

Co-Q / UQ releases how many electrons at a time to Complex III

A

one electron at a time

22
Q

what are the two forms that the mobile carrier UQ / CoQ exists in

A

= CoQ (UQ) oxidised quinone form, not carrying hydrogen

= CoQH2 (UQH2) reduced quinone form, carrying hydrogen

23
Q

how redox reactions does CoQ / UQ undergo and how many electrons can it release or accept at one time

A
  • two redox reactions
  • but can accept or release one electron at a time
24
Q

what occurs at Complex III of the electron transport chain

A
  • Complex III releases one electron at a time to Cytochrome c
  • Complex III pumps four protons across the inner membrane
25
Q

where can cytochrome c move in the ETC

A

moves on the outer surface of the inner mitochondria membrane

26
Q

what does cytochrome c do

A

carries one electron at a time from Complex III to Complex IV

27
Q

what occurs at Complex IV

A

accepts one electron at a time from cytochrome c

  • reduces oxygen to water
28
Q

biologically what will Complex IV wait until

A

it will wait until it has four electrons (O2 + 4H+ > 2H20)

BIOC - metabolism (18 decks)

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