Lecture 35 Flashcards
(42 cards)
_______ are the most common fungal infections. Give an example.
Dermatophytes Athlete’s foot
Blood Protozoa: Plasmodium causes __________, is transmitted through _________, causes __________?
Malaria Mosquito (only one that has this transmission), M for Malaria, M for mosquito. Cerebral malaria, anemia/reversible coma paste-47356309405699.jpg
Cestodes are _______ worms.
Tape worms
Differentiate between mold with Septate and Aseptate properties?
Septate = Crosswalls paste-40540196306947.jpg Aseptate = No crosswalls. paste-40553081208835.jpg paste-40527311405059.jpg
Diphyllobothrium latum is the _______ tapeworm? Get it from…
Fish Undercooked fish
Fungal cell membranes contain ________ which is similar to ______ in mammalian cell membranes? It’s purpose is for _______? (Target of Anti-fungal drugs)
Ergosterol Cholesterol Membrane fluidity
Fungal cell walls are made of ______?
Chitin
Fungal diseases are call _______ and are classified by…?
Mycoses Site on the body where they occur (i.e. superficial, systemic…)
Fungi - Major laboratory Identification …
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar [FUNGI SPECIFIC] Low pH (5.0) inhibits bacterial growth, supplemented with Abx. KOH prep –> has to be a fungus or parasite! Serology/IFA also available. paste-40840844017667.jpg
Fungi are [euk/prok]? What are the four types of fungi?
Eukaryotes Saprobes - Live on dead or decaying matter Symbionts - Mutual advantage with host Commensal - Fungi benefit, host does not benefit but not harmed Parasites - Fungi benefit, host is harmed
Helminths (worms) have what protective measures to avoid immune processes?
Tough external layer, antigenic variation, enzymes that destroy host cells.
Infection of nematodes is diagnosed by ….?
Examination of eggs in stool.
Metazoa all parasites that aren’t __________? They are ______-cellular? They include _________, _______, _______, and ________?
Protozoa Multicellular Nematodes, trematodes, cestodes. Arthropods
Metazoa: Cestodes: Tapeworms are… Eggs found in … (Diagnostic) Give three examples…
Flat/ribbon-like, head has a cup-shaped sucker, hermaphorditic Feces, diagnostic Taenia solium - pork Taenia saginata - beef Diphyllobothrium latum - fish
Metazoa: Trematodes: Paragonimus westermani is a… Found where? Intermediate host? Eggs found in ___________?
Lung fluke Asia/Africa/India/Latin America Snail Eggs in Bloody Sputum
Metazoa: Trematodes: What are they? What do they look like? What are the immediate hosts?
Flukes Flat, leaf-shape worms Clams/Snails
Name the important Protozoa that are Amoeba (1), and Flagellates (2), and details about them.
Amoeba: Entamoeba - bloody diarrhea Flagellates: Trichamonas vaginalis - STD! vaginal discharge, itching, redness. Giardia lamblia - fecal-oral transmission, causes malabsorption syndrome.
Nematodes: Enterobius vermicularis causes ______, obtained by ______ transmission. Symptoms?
Pinworm! Very sticky eggs. Fecal-oral Nocturnal perianal irritation/itching (common in children in the US). paste-50212462657539.jpg
Nematodes: Tichuris trichiura causes ______? Symptoms?
Whipworm Bloody diarrhea, anemia paste-51384988729347.jpg paste-51397873631235.jpg
Nemotodes are _______ worms.
Round
Parasites: Protozoa are ______-celled and have ______’s? Metazoa are _______-celled and are like ______’s?
Single, cysts (like spores). Multi, worms!
Protozoa acquire nutrients through ________? Protozoa use this protective measure to survive in harsh conditions? Protozoa reproduce by _________? Reproductive form is called?
Pinocytosis/Phagocytosis Cyst form, avoids immune system with surface antigen variation, like spores! Binary fission, some have sexual; Trophozoite
Protozoa: GI Coccidia, give an example, how it is transmitted, and what it causes.
Cryptosporidium - “Crypto - Coccidia” Trasmitted in water Causes watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, vomiting, severe in AIDS patients.
Taenia saginata is the _______ tapeworm?
Beef
