Lecture 36

Question 1

Besides from rats, where else can S. moniliformis come from?

Answer 1

Transients in animals that feed on rodents (e.g., dogs, cats) -Turkeys -Contaminated water and milk (from rat feces)

Question 2

Cause of Ulceroglandular tularemia and Symptoms?

Answer 2

From rabbits and ticks (Rabbit-associated disease)Enters via scratch or abrasion, spreads lymphatically

Question 3

Characteristic of Francisella tularensis

Answer 3

Aerobic Gram-negative rod Facultatively intracellular (in macrophages)

Question 4

Clinical disease from Capnocytophaga canimorsus

Answer 4

Cellulitis, Gangrene, arthritis, endocarditis

Question 5

Clinical symptoms from B. henselae

Answer 5

Remember that it is dived into typical (usually benign) and atypical symptomsTypical: characterized by chronic swollen lymph nodes. Often self-limiting Atypical: altered mental state, confusion, vision loss, prolonged fever, arthritis, atypical pneumonia, abdominal pain

Question 6

Clinical symptoms from Pasteurella multocida

Answer 6

Local wound infection from cat bites that rapidly progresses into cellulitis

Question 7

Clinical symptoms of Brucella

Answer 7

Acute disease; flu-like symptoms, depression, anorexia, and Profuse sweating Chronic disease: meningitis, endocarditis, suppurative joint infections, renal damage

Question 8

Describe Bubonic plague (fleas)

Answer 8

Bacteria multiply in lymph nodes and turns into buboes form (inflamed, necrotic, hemorrhage)

Question 9

Describe Capnocytophaga canimorsus

Answer 9

Gram negative rod

Question 10

Describe Pneumonic plague

Answer 10

From inhalation of Y. pestis -Hemorrhagiv pneumonia -90% (High) mortality

Question 11

Describe Streptobacillus moniliformis

Answer 11

Long, thin, gram-negative rod paste-11489037516803.jpg

Question 12

Describe the four patterns of Bacillary Angiomatosis

Answer 12

1. Globular papules or nodules 2. Violaceous nodules (resembles Kaposi sarcoma) 3. Lichenoid violaceous plaque 4. Subcutaneous nodule with or without ulceration

Question 13

Describes Septicemic plague

Answer 13

“Black Death”Subcutaneous hemorrhages DIC, Vascular collapse, necrotic

Question 14

Diagnosis for B. henselae

Answer 14

1. Lymph Node biopsy: Warthin starry silver stain paste-9191230013443.jpg 2. Serological tests or PCR

Question 15

Diagnosis method for Pasteurella multocida. Growth and stain.

Answer 15

Gram negative coccobacillus with Bi-polar staining Growth on blood and chocolate agar

Question 16

Diagnosis of Brucella

Answer 16

1. History is most important 2. Serology 3. Gram stain 4. Blood culture

Question 17

Diagnosis of Francisella

Answer 17

Serology Sputum stain: Gram stain negative Growth: BCYE agar (similar to legionella)

Question 18

Dog bite septicemia, cellulitis is from what bacteria?

Answer 18

Capnocytophaga canimorsus

Question 19

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: Clinical Disease What does it cause? Symptoms:

Answer 19

1. Erysipeloid Symptoms: Inflammatory skin lesion at site of trauma after 2-7 days with decoloration (into purple) Lesion is painful and pruritic 2. Septicemic (uncommon) Associated with acute onset endocarditis

Question 20

Four Zoonoses that transmit disease by bite/scratch

Answer 20

Pasteurella multocida Bartonella henselae Capnocytophaga canimorsus Streptobacillus moniliformis

Question 21

Francisella tularensis causes

Answer 21

Tularemia (aka Rabbit Fever)

Question 22

How are Brucella transmitted?

Answer 22

1. Direct contact with infected animal 2. Contaminated food products (ex. unpasteurized milk) 3. Inhalation of aerosols

Question 23

Infection from Bartonella henselae is mostly from?

Answer 23

Exposure to cats: Scratches, bites, and possibly from cat fleas Causes cat-scratch disease (usually benign)

Question 24

Micorscopy and culture for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Answer 24

Non-motile, catalase-negative, alpha-hemolytic on BA. Produces H2S on triple sugar iron agar (TSI)

Question 25

Mode of transmission and symptoms associated with transmission

Answer 25

Entry through skin: Ulceroglandular tularemia - Have to have a cut or wound (usually seen in hands) - Local lymphadenopathy Inhalation: Pulmonic tularemia Ingestion: Oropharyngeal tularemia

Question 26

Name and describe the two forms of diseas from S. moniliformis

Answer 26

1. Rat-bite fever (2-10 day incubation with abrupt onset of flu-like symptoms) - Maculopapular rash few days later with recurrent epsidoes of headache and arthralgia. Can develop Carditis, meningitis, and pneumonia in untreated patient 2. Haverhill fever - Consumption of contaminated food or water. Cause vomiting and pharyngitis

Question 27

Name the four pathogens of Brucella spp. and what animal is it associated with each pathogen

Answer 27

B. abortus (cattle) B. meletensis (goats and sheep) B. suis (pigs) B. canis (dogs)

Question 28

Natural flora for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Answer 28

In GI tract of animals espcially in pigs

Question 29

Only Zoonoses with Gram positive? What shape is it?

Answer 29

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Shape: Microaerophilic rods or filaments

Question 30

Origin of Bacillary Angiomatosis

Answer 30

Caused by B. henselae and B. quintana

Question 31

Pasteurella multocida characteristics: Stain? Shape Biochemical reactions?

Answer 31

Gram-negative coccobacillus, oxidase-positive

Question 32

Rat-bite fever is associated with what bateria?

Answer 32

Streptobacillus moniliformis

Question 33

State the different Yop Genes

Answer 33

YopH: dephosphorylates proteins required for phagocytosis YopE: induces cytotoxicity by disrupting actin filaments YopJ/P: initiates apoptosis in macrophages

Question 34

Three Zoonoses that transmit disease through contact with infected animals

Answer 34

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Brucella spp. Francisella tularensis

Question 35

Transmission by Bacterial Zoonoses

Answer 35

Direct or indirectly from animals 1. Biting insects (vector-borne diseases 2. Inhalation of airborne contaminated secretions 3. Ingestion of contaminated food or drinks 4. Xenotransplantation

Question 36

Transmission from Pasteurella multocida is most likely by?

Answer 36

Cat/dog scratch/bites (most likely from cat bites)

Question 37

Virulence factors of Y. Pestis Describe

Answer 37

1. Fraction 1 (F1) gene: Antiphagocytic protein capsule 2. Plasminogen activator (Pla) protease gene: Degrades complement components C3b and C5a (no opsonization and chemotaxis) Degrades fibrin clots, allows rapid spread of bacteria 3. Yop genes: Type III secretion system (allows resistance of phagocytic killing)

Question 38

What are the three forms of Y. Pestis?

Answer 38

1. Bubonic plague (fleas) 2. Septicemic plague - “Black death” 3. Pneumonic plague (inhalation)

Question 39

What does Brucella cause in animals?

Answer 39

Aborted Fetuses paste-12889196855299.jpg

Question 40

Who is at highest risk for Bacterial Zoonoses?

Answer 40

Occupational hazard: Farmers, Vets and Pet owners

Question 41

Y. pestis: diagnosis

Answer 41

Gram stain of Lymph Node Aspirate - Bipolar staining - Dangerous to culture Fluorescent antibody tests

Question 42

Yersinia Pestis Causes? Characteristics? Common location and carrier?

Answer 42

Causes? Plague Charactericts? Oxidase negative, gram negative rod, urease negative, lactose negative, indole negative Found in desert southwest especially in prairie dogs

Question 43

Zoonoses with vector-borne transmission

Answer 43

Yersinia Pestis