lecture 38 - coitus, fertilisation & contraception

Question 1

What is coitus?

Answer 1

Sexual intercourse/copulation

Question 2

What is intromission?

Answer 2

In coitus, the process in which the erect penis is introduced into the vagina

Question 3

What is the name for the act of the erect penis entering the vagina?

Answer 3

Intromission

Question 4

What is the name for the process of semen release into the upper part of the vagina?

Answer 4

Insemination

Question 5

What are the 4 stages of the male sexual act?

Answer 5

Erection of penis, mucus secretion into urethra, ejaculation, resolution

Question 6

What type of nervous system control regulates erection of the penis?

Answer 6

Parasympathetic

Question 7

What type of nervous system control regulates ejaculation from the penis?

Answer 7

Sympathetic

Question 8

What are the 2 phases of male ejaculation?

Answer 8

Emission, expulsion

Question 9

What is resolution of the male sexual act?

Answer 9

When the penis returns to a flaccid state after ejaculation

Question 10

What surround the erectile tissues of the penis to prevent excess expansion/filling?

Answer 10

Layers of fascia

Question 11

What are the fascia of the penis, and what is their function?

Answer 11

Layers of connective tissue that help to restrain penile erectile tissues

Question 12

What artery supplies the perineum in both males and females?

Answer 12

The pudendal artery

Question 13

Where does the pudendal artery branch from?

Answer 13

The internal iliac artery

Question 14

What are the branches of the pudendal artery that supply the penis?

Answer 14

Artery of bulb, Dorsal artery, Urethral artery, Cavernosal/Deep artery

Question 15

What are the spaces inside the erectile tissues of the pensi that can fill with blood?

Answer 15

Lacunae, separated by trabeculae

Question 16

What are the sensory nerves of the penis sensitive to?

Answer 16

Touch, pressure, temperature

Question 17

What nerve supplies sensory and somatic motor innervation to the perineum and external genitalia in males?

Answer 17

Pudendal nerve

Question 18

What provides autonomic innervation of the penis?

Answer 18

The pelvic plexus

Question 19

What is the role of parasympathetic nerves in the male sexual act?

Answer 19

Role in erection - stimulates production of nitric oxide, a vasodilator, in the deep arteries of the penis that then dilate to fill the lacunae of the corpora cavernosa with blood

Question 20

What substance is produced in the erectile tissues of the penis and acts as a vasodilator?

Answer 20

Nitric oxide (NO)

Question 21

What is the role of sympathetic nerves in the male sexual act?

Answer 21

Ejaculation - stimulate smooth muscle contraction and release from the reproductive ducts and accessory glands (seminal fluid)

Question 22

What is the role of somatic motor nerves in the male sexual act?

Answer 22

Stimulate the contraction of skeletal muscles around the bulb of the penis

Question 23

What occurs during the emission phase of ejaculation, which is a sympathetic response?

Answer 23

Smooth muscle of ductus deferens contracts to move sperm into ampulla, which contracts along with seminal glands to release seminal fluid into urethra

Question 24

What occurs during the expulsion phase of ejaculation, which is a sympathetic and somatic motor response?

Answer 24

Contractions of urethral smooth muscles, pelvic floor muscle contraction, semen ejection

Question 25

What areas are engorged in the female sexual response?

Answer 25

Clitoris, labia and vagina, in response to autonomic stimulation

Question 26

How does the vagina and uterus change shape/position during the female sexual act?

Answer 26

Increased width and length, uterus elevates upward as

Question 27

When does an oocyte complete meiosis II?

Answer 27

When the spermatozoa fuses with it

Question 28

What is the name for a fertilised oocyte?

Answer 28

zygote

Question 29

What are the 4 artificial methods of contraception?

Answer 29

Barrier methods, hormonal contraceptives ,intrauterine devices, sterilisation

Question 30

What are the 2 key natural methods of contraception?

Answer 30

Rhythm method/periodic abstinence, withdrawal method/coitus interruptus

Question 31

What is the rhythm method of contraception?

Answer 31

Periodic abstinence around ovulation

Question 32

What re the 2 key types of steroidal contraceptives?

Answer 32

Combined oral contraceptive pills, progestin only contraception

Question 33

What hormones does the combined oral contraceptive pill contain?

Answer 33

Estrogen and progestin

Question 34

How does the combined oral contraceptive pill work?

Answer 34

Suppresses ovulation and affects cervical mucus to prevent sperm penetration

Question 35

How does the progesterone only pill work?

Answer 35

Effects cervical mucus

Question 36

How does a sub dermal implant/injectable progestin work?

Answer 36

Disrupt follicular growth and ovulation

Question 37

What are the two types of IUD?

Answer 37

Copper IUD, Hormonal IUD

Question 38

How do Copper IUDs work?

Answer 38

Reduce sperm transport, inhibit implantation and are toxic to oocytes and zygotes

Question 39

How do hormonal IUDs work?

Answer 39

Contain progestins and affect cervical mucus to reduce sperm transport. May affect endometrium and inhibit ovulation

Question 40

What is the form of female sterilisation?

Answer 40

Tubal ligation