Lecture 3A

Question 1

JAMES WATSON & FRANCIS CRICK

Answer 1

Both: Double helix structure of the DNA

Question 2

Both: Double helix structure of the DNA

Answer 2

JAMES WATSON & FRANCIS CRICK

Question 3

CRICK

Answer 3

Central Dogma and Adaptor hypothesis

Question 4

Central Dogma and Adaptor hypothesis

Answer 4

CRICK

Question 5

WATSON

Answer 5

Erwin Schrodinger’s book “what is life”

Question 6

Erwin Schrodinger’s book “what is life”

Answer 6

WATSON

Question 7

GENE

Answer 7

a unit of heredity

Question 8

a unit of heredity

Answer 8

GENE

Question 9

GENOME

Answer 9

the entire set of genes in an organism; totality of genetic component

Question 10

the entire set of genes in an organism; totality of genetic component

Answer 10

GENOME

Question 11

LOCUS (LOCI)

Answer 11

a fixed location on a strand of DNA where a gene or one of its alleles is located

Question 12

a fixed location on a strand of DNA where a gene or one of its alleles is located

Answer 12

LOCUS (LOCI)

Question 13

ALLELES

Answer 13

two forms of a gene that occupy the same position on homologous chromosomes and that cover the same trait

Question 14

two forms of a gene that occupy the same position on homologous chromosomes and that cover the same trait

Answer 14

ALLELES

Question 15

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

Answer 15

material basis of heredity

Question 16

material basis of heredity

Answer 16

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

Question 17

biological macromolecule for the storage of genetic information

Answer 17

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

Question 18

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

Answer 18

biological macromolecule for the storage of genetic information

Question 19

universal for all bacteria, higher organisms

Answer 19

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

Question 20

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

Answer 20

universal for all bacteria, higher organisms

Question 21

DNA can be found in

Answer 21

– Nucleus (biparental inheritance)
– Plastids (uniparental inheritance)
* Mitochondria: maternal
* Chloroplasts:
> Angiosperms usually maternal
> Gymnosperms (conifers!) usually paternal

Question 22

– Nucleus (biparental inheritance)
– Plastids (uniparental inheritance)
* Mitochondria: maternal
* Chloroplasts:
> Angiosperms usually maternal
> Gymnosperms (conifers!) usually paternal

Answer 22

DNA can be found in

Question 23

Each nucleotide consists of:

Answer 23

• 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose),
• nitrogen containing base attached to the sugar,
• phosphate group.

Question 24

A forms…

Answer 24

2 hydrogen bonds to T,

Question 25

G forms

Answer 25

3 hydrogen bonds to C

Question 26

PURINE BASES (A and G)

Answer 26

larger of the two types of bases found in DNA

Question 27

larger of the two types of bases found in DNA

Answer 27

PURINE BASES (A and G)

Question 28

PYRIMIDINES (C and T)

Answer 28

The 6 atoms (4 carbon, 2 nitrogen) are numbered 1-6. Like purines, all pyrimidine ring atoms lie in the same plane

Question 29

The 6 atoms (4 carbon, 2 nitrogen) are numbered 1-6. Like purines, all pyrimidine ring atoms lie in the same plane

Answer 29

PYRIMIDINES (C and T)

Question 30

RIBOSE

Answer 30

a sugar, like glucose, but with only five carbon atoms in its molecule

Question 31

a sugar, like glucose, but with only five carbon atoms in its molecule

Answer 31

RIBOSE

Question 32

DEOXYRIBOSE

Answer 32

almost the same but lacks one oxygen atom

Question 33

almost the same but lacks one oxygen atom

Answer 33

DEOXYRIBOSE

Question 34

The deoxyribose, the phosphate and one of the bases combine to form a nucleotide

Answer 34

NUCLEOTIDES

Question 35

NUCLEOTIDES

Answer 35

The deoxyribose, the phosphate and one of the bases combine to form a

Question 36

DOUBLE HELIX

Answer 36

bases and sugar-phosphate chain

Question 37

bases and sugar-phosphate chain

Answer 37

DOUBLE HELIX

Question 38

characteristics of DNA (DNA vs RNA)

Answer 38

Double stranded A pairs with T G pairs with C Resides in nucleus

Question 39

Double stranded

Answer 39

DNA

Question 40

A pairs with T

Answer 40

DNA

Question 41

Resides in nucleus

Answer 41

DNA

Question 42

G pairs with C

Answer 42

DNA

Question 43

characteristics of RNA (DNA vs RNA)

Answer 43

Single stranded A pairs with U G pairs with C Resides in nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 44

DNA OF THE NUCLEUS

Answer 44

- Can be measured in base pairs since it is a double stranded molecule - Higher organisms: 108 to 1011 base pairs - Plants: particularly variable genome size > Conifers: large - Repetitive sequences (102 to 108) - Many sequences without known function - Note: Genome of complex organism is not necessarily larger than simple organisms

Question 44

DNA OF PLASTIDS

Answer 44

Chloroplast DNA: cpDNA Mitochondrial DNA: mtDNA

Question 45

Chloroplast DNA: cpDNA

Answer 45

Approximately 120,000 – 200,000 bps

Question 46

Approximately 120,000 – 200,000 bps

Answer 46

Chloroplast DNA: cpDNA

Question 47

Completely sequenced for several plants

Answer 47

Chloroplast DNA: cpDNA

Question 48

Chloroplast DNA: cpDNA

Answer 48

Completely sequenced for several plants

Question 49

Pinus thunbergia

Answer 49

Chloroplast DNA: cpDNA (example)

Question 50

Chloroplast DNA: cpDNA (example)

Answer 50

Pinus thunbergia

Question 51

Mitochondrial DNA: mtDNA

Answer 51

Approximately 16,000 bps (human)

Question 52

Approximately 16,000 bps (human)

Answer 52

Mitochondrial DNA: mtDNA

Question 53

Mitochondrial DNA: mtDNA

Answer 53

Sequenced for human, some animals

Question 54

Sequenced for human, some animals

Answer 54

Mitochondrial DNA: mtDNA