Lecture 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Describe the accronym for meningial layers
A
PAD (pia, arachnoid, dura)
2
Q
Describe symptoms of damage to the midbrain (from herniation)
A
hemiplegia, damage to reticular formation-> coma, damage to optic nerve-> affcets dilation of the eye
3
Q
Layer of dura that does not continue to spinal cord and where it ends
A
periosteal layer fuses with bone at level of foramen magnum, outer layer of dura becomes indistingiushable from periostium
4
Q
Layer of dura that continues down spinal cord, function
A
meningeal layer, acts like a sheath
5
Q
Identify this layer of spinal cord
A
pia
6
Q
Identify this layer of spinal cord
A
arachnoid
7
Q
Identify this layer of spinal cord
A
CSF in subarachnoid space
8
Q
Identify this layer of spinal cord
A
dura (thecal sac)
9
Q
Identify this layer of spinal cord
A
epidural fat
10
Q
Identify this layer of spinal cord
A
periostium
11
Q
Identify this layer of spinal cord
A
ligamentum flavum
12
Q
layer of meningies surrounding CNS (including spinal cord)
A
pia mater
13
Q
location of epidural fat in spinal canal
A
between the dura and the periostium
14
Q
Order of layers in spinal canal (inside-out)
A
pia, subarachnoidchoid space, arachnoid, dura (thecal sac), epidural fat, ligamentum flavum, periostium
15
Q
intervertebral foramen
A
opening between vertebrae allow spinal nerves to exit
16
Q
meningeal layers that form sheath around spinal nerves
A
meningeal and arachnoid mater
17
Q
vertebral foramen
A
opening between body and spinous processes of veretbrae which allow SC to traverse down
18
Q
Identify this structure
A
spinal nerve
19
Q
Identify this structure of spinal cord
A
intervertebral foramen
20
Q
Identify this layer of spinal cord
A
epidural fat
21
Q
Identify this layer of spinal cord
A
pia
22
Q
Identify this layer of spinal cord
A
CSF in subarachnoid space
23
Q
Identify this layer of spinal cord
A
arachnoid
24
Q
Identify this layer of spinal cord
A
dura
25
Identify this layer of spinal cord
ligamentum flavum
26
Identify this layer of spinal cord
periostium
27
Identify this layer of spinal cord
plexus of veins (batson's plexus) and arteries in epidural fat
28
where does pia extend to and what structure does it form
extends into coccygeal regions, extends off base of spinal cord and forms the filum terminale. It also extends out laterally from spinal cord to form denticulate ligaments which are pinned to dura nerve sheath and function to hold spinal cord in place
29
Identify this layer
| follows contours of SC
pia mater
30
Identify this layer
arachnoid mater
31
Identify this layer
dural mater
32
Mater on inside of spinal cord
grey mater
33
mater on outside of spinal cord
white mater
34
Decribe where ceribrospinal fluid transmitted
CSF is tranmitted throughout the cortex and spinal cord in the subarachnoid space
35
Produces CSF
CSF created by choroid plexus
36
Location of choroid plexus
located in ventricles, primarily lateral ventricles but also third ventricle and other parts of ventricular system
37
Where CSF absorbed
CSF is absorbed into the bloodstream through arachnoid granulations into sinuses in brain and enters the blood
38
Describe CSF
plasma like, colourless
39
List the four functions of cerebrospinal fluid
1. layer of protection- acts like a cushion around CNS
2. Provides buoyancy for brain- brain floating in fluid reduces its relative mass of object reduces weight of brain pressing down on brainstem
3. excretion of metabolites and foreign substances- waste back into bloodstream
4. Hormones and nutrient transport to brain and spinal cord
40
hydrocephalus
too much CSF in brain, increased brain pressure
41
Describe lateral ventricles
horn-like structures on lateral surface
42
components of the lateral ventricles
anterior horn, body, atrium, posterior horn, inferior horn
43
Identify this structure
Lateral ventricle
44
frontal (anterior) horn
45
Identify this structure
body
46
Identify this structure
temporal (inferior horn)
47
Identify this structure
occipital (posterior) horn
48
Identify this structure
interventricular foramen of monro
49
Identify this structure
third ventricle
50
Identify this structure
cerebral aqueduct
51
Identify this structure
central canal
52
Identify this structure
fourth ventricle
53
Identify this structure
atrium
54
Identify this structure
55
Identify this structure
lateral ventricle frontal anterior horn
56
Identify this structure
third ventricle
57
Identify this structure
lateral ventricle body
58
Identify this structure
suprapineal recess
59
Identify this structure
pineal recess
60
Identify this structure
lateral ventricle, atrium
61
Identify this structure
foramen of magendie
62
Identify this structure
lateral recess of fourth ventricle and foramen of luschka
63
Identify this structure
central canal of spinal cord
64
Identify this structure
lateral ventricle, occiptal (posterior) horn
65
Identify this structure
fourth ventricle
66
Identify this structure
cerebral aquduct of sylvius
67
Identify this structure
lateral ventrickle, temporal (inferior) horn
68
location of foramen of magendie and foramen of luschka
base of 4th ventricle, connect to subarachnoid space.
Formen of magendie- more lateral, foramen of magendie in the midline posterior to 4th ventricle
69
location of cerebral aquaduct
runs through midline of midbrain
70
Identify this structure
anterior horns of lateral ventricles
71
Identify this structure
interventricular foramina of monro
72
Identify this structure
third ventricle
73
Identify this structure
ventral part of lateral ventricle
74
Identify this structure
posterior horns of lateral ventricles
75
Identify this structure
inferior hornes of lateral ventricles
76
Identify this structure
fourth ventricle
77
Identify this structure
cerebral aquduct
78
Identify this structure
median formamen of magendie
79
Identify this structure
lateral foramen of luschka
80
Identify this structure
central canal
81
Describe the flow of CSF
choloid plexus in lateral ventricles-> third ventricle through interventricular foramen of monro-> fouth ventricle via the cerebral aquaduct (aquaduct of sylvius). CSf leaves ventricular system via formane of luscka and magendie, to perculate around the brain and spinal cord in the subarachnoid space and is reabsorbed by the arachnoid granulation in the dural venous sinuses back into the bloodstream
82
cisterns
where subarchnoid space widens to form larger collevtion of CSF
83
Describe two prominant cisterns and location
cistern magna- at base of skull
lumbar cistern- at tail end of spinal cord, clinically sihgnificant (spinal tap to draw CSF)
84
how CSF circulates
pulsation of arteries, mostly due to pressure of ventricular system
85
walls of third ventricle formed by
thalamus and hypothalamus
86
Identify this structure
pia mater
87
Identify this structure
arachnoid mater
88
Identify this structure
arachnoid villi
89
Identify this structure
choroid plexus if third ventricle
90
Identify this structure
sinus
91
Identify this structure
choroid plexus of fourth ventricle
92
Identify this structure
spinal cord
93
Identify this structure
central canal
94
Identify this structure
subarachnoid space
95
Identify this structure
arachnoid membrane
96
Identify this structure
dura mater
97
Identify this structure
lateral ventricle
98
Identify this structure
choriod plexus
99
Identify this structure
arachnoid granulations
100
Identify this structure
superior sigittal sinus
101
Identify this structure
aquaduct of sylvius
102
Identify this structure
fourth ventricle
103
Identify this structure
foramen of magendie
104
Identify this structure
foramen of monro
105
Identify this structure
third ventricles
106
Identify this structure
cervicomedullary junction
107
Identify this structure
foramen magnum
108
spinal segment
portion of spinal cord that gives rise to a spinal nerve
109
location of grey matter in spinal cord
inside
110
location of white matter in spinal cord
outside
111
Identify this structure
ventral (anterior) horn
112
Identify this structure
intermediate zone
113
Identify this structure
dorsal (posterior) horn
114
Identify this structure
dorsal column
115
Identify this structure
dorsal root (sensory)
116
Identify this structure
dorsal root ganglion
117
Identify this structure
sensory neuron
118
Identify this structure
spinal nerve
119
Identify this structure
ventral root (motor)
120
Identify this structure
lateral column
121
Identify this structure
ventral column
122
Identify this structure
motor neuron
123
Identify this structure
ventral median fissure
124
Identify this structure
anterolateral sulcus (left and right)
125
Identify this structure
dorsal median septum
126
Identify this structure
posterolateral sulcus (left and right)
127
dorsal (posterior) horn involved in _____ processing
sensory processing
128
intermediate zone contains ____
interneurons and specialised nuclei
129
ventral (anterior) horn contains _____
motor neurons
130
motro neurons send tehir axons out of spinal cord via
ventral nerve root filaments
131
columns of white mater in spinal cord
dorsal (posterior) column, lateral columns, ventral (anterior) column
