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KIN 411: Neuroanatomy > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Identify this part of the nervous system

A

Peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

Identify this part of the nervous system

A

Central nervous system

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3
Q

Component sof the central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

Components of the peripheral nervous system

A

everything else:
cranial nerves and ganglia
spinal nerves and dorsal root ganglia
sympathetic nerves and ganglia
enteric nervous system

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5
Q

Identify the two division of the nervou system

A

central and peripheral nervou system

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6
Q

Where do cranial nerves extend from?

A

brainstem

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7
Q

where do spinal nerves extend from

A

spinal cord

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8
Q

Where do communications between neurons occur

A

synapses

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9
Q

Sequence of events at neuronal synapse

A

Neurotransmitters stores in synaptic vesicles are released from presynaptic terminals which then bind to receptors on postsynaptic neuron.
When synaptic inputs are enough to excite a neuron, a voltage change called an action potential occurs, which travel down the axon to reach pre synaptic terminals where communication can happen at the next neuron.

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10
Q

Location of the nucleus of a cell

A

cell body

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11
Q

Insulation of axons and benefits

A

Axons often insulated by myelin sheath, which speed up rate of action potentials.

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12
Q

Function of neurotransmitters:

A

-Mediate rapid communication between neurons through EPSP and IPSPs
-Neuromodulation

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13
Q

differences between types of neurotransmitters

A

Can have either excitatory or inhibitory effects on neuronal signalling

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14
Q

Main neurotramitters in CNS and their functions

A

Glutamate (excitatory), GABA (inhibitory),

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15
Q

Main neurotransmitter in PNS and location

A

acetylcholine, neuromuscular junctions.

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16
Q
A
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17
Q

Identify main takeway from this figure

Peripheral nervous system
A

Neurons extrending out from CNS, from spinal cord axons projecting up make up PNS

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18
Q

Identify the main takeaway from this figure

Central nervous system
A

Within cortex have nerves extending

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19
Q

Names and characterstics of grey matter

A
  • cell bodies (and dendrites) concentrated together called:
  • nuclei, cortex, laminae etc
  • all have the same function, unmyelinated
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20
Q

Names and characteristics of white matter

A
  • axons concentrated called:
  • nerves, fibres, tracts, fasiculus, lemniscus, commisure, etc.
  • Myelinated bundles that carry signals to and from the brain
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21
Q

Identify the three different connections within the brain

A

Projection fibres
commisural fibers
association fibres

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22
Q

Projection fibres

A

Consists of axons that relay impulses between the cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord.
Long fibres relay info from brain to spinal cord
Short fibres relay info from brain to brainstem

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23
Q

Identify this type of fibre

A

Projection fibres

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24
Q

commissural fibres

A

commisural fibres cross between hemishpheres, connect one side of the brain to the other

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25
Identify this type of fibre
Commissural fibres
26
Association fibres
Association fibres connect cortical areas within a hemishphere, e.g. connect assocaited areas, occipital lobe to the frontal lobe on the left hemishphere
27
Identify this type of fibre
Association fibres
28
Cortex
folded layer of grey matter (cell body and dendrites) on outer surface of the brain
29
Gyrus
outward fold
30
Sulcus
Inward fold (sulking)
31
Fissure
a deep sulcus (fishssure- deep water)
32
Identify this
cortex (grey matter)
33
Identify this
fissure
34
Identify this
gyrus
35
Identify this
sulcus
36
Identify this
white matter
37
Purpose of folds in cortex
increase the surface area for cell bodies
38
Identify this landmark
Interhemispheric fissure (longitudinal/sagital fissure)- separates two cerebral hemispheres
39
Identify this landmark
Lateral sulcus/ sylvian fissure- separates the frontal lobes inferiorly and laterally from the temporal lobes
40
Identify this landmark
central sulcus- anteriorly binds the pariental and frontal lobes
41
Identify this landmark
Pre central gyrus- runs in front of central sulcus
42
Identify ths landmark
Postcentral gyrus- runs behind the central sulcus
43
Identify this landmark
Cingulate sulcus- runs on the superior surface of the cingulate gyrus
44
Identify this landmark
parietal-occipital sulcus- separates the pariental and occipital lobes
45
Identify this landmark
Cingulate gyrus- surrounds the corpus collosum
46
Identify this landmark
corpus callosum- connects the homologous and heterologous areas of the two hemispheres
47
Identify the major lobes of the cortex
frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital
48
Identify this lobe
frontal lobe
49
Identify this lobe
pariental lobe
50
Identify this lobe
occipital lobe
51
Identify this lobe
temporal lobe
52
Identify this structure
Brainstem
53
Identify this structure
cerebellum
54
Identify the components of the brainstem
midbrain, pons, medulla
55
Identify this lobe
Limbic lobe
56
is thalamus part of the brainstem
no
57
hemispheres of the thalamus
2, left and right
58
Describe interthalamic adhesions
white matter connecting the two thalamic sides
59
Identify this structure
Thalamus
60
Identify this structure
midbrain
61
Identify this structure
pons
62
Identify this structure
medulla
63
Identify this structure
Spinal cord
64
Identify the three major fossas for the brain
anterior, middle, posterior fossas
65
Identify this structure | medial view
Midbrain
66
Identify this structure | medial view
Pons
67
Identify this structure | medial view
Medulla
68
Identify this structure | medial view
Cerebellum
69
Identify this structure | medial view
Thalamus
70
Identify this structure
Cerebellum
71
Identify this structure
Spinal cord
72
# * Identify this structure
Brainstem
73
Identify this structure
Interhemispheric fissure
74
Identify this structure
frontal lobe
75
Identify this structure
temporal lobe
76
Describe where the cerebellum overlies
Overlies brainstem at level of the pons
77
foramens
Large openings- allow the passage of nerves and blood vessles to go in and out of the skull
78
largest foramen
Foramen magnum
79
Location of foramen magnum
at the base of the skull
80
Structure below formamen magnum
spinal cord
81
Structure above foramen magnum
Brainstem (medulla)
82
Point where spinal cord meets medulla
cervicomedullary junction- occurs at level of formamen magnum
83
anterior fossa contains | on each side of vault
inferior surface of frontal lobe
84
Middle fossa contains | on each side of cranial vault
temporal lobe
85
Posterior fossa contains | on each side of cranial vault
cerebellum and brainstem
86
structure separating anterior and middle fossas
lesser wing of sphenoid bone
87
Structure separating middle from posterior fossas
petrous ridge of the temporal bone
88
Identify this structure
anterior fossa
89
Identify this structure
lesser wing of sphenoid bone
90
Identify this structure
Middle fossa
91
Identify this structure
petrous ridge of temporal bone
92
Identify this structure
foramen magnum
93
Identify this structure
posterior fossa
94
Final projections of the brain offered by
-Meninges ("membranes") -Cerebral spinal fluid
95
Three layers of meninges from inside out
-pia mater -arachnoid mater -dura mater
96
Pia mater attached to ____
outer surcae of the brain
97
Identify this layer
brain
98
Identify this layer
pia mater
99
Identify this layer
arachnoid mater
100
Identify this layer
dura matter
101
Identify this layer
skull
102
Identify this layer
skin
103
Desribribe dura mater
outermost layer of the meninges, tough fibrous material
104
Two divisions of the dura mater
pariosteal, meningeal
105
Location of periosteal layer
adheres to inside of skull, follows skull outermost layer
106
Location of menigeal layer
fuses to periosteal layer exept where it extends inward to separate hemishpheres and cortex from cerebellum
107
Identify this structure
epidural space
108
Identify this structure
subdural space
109
Identify this structure
subarachnoid space
110
Identify this structure
perivascular space
111
Identify this structure
falx cerebri (dura)
112
Identify this structure
arachnoid trabeculae
113
Identify this layer
dura mater
114
Identify this layer
arachnoid mater
115
Identify this layer
pia mater
116
Identify this layer
meningeal layer
117
Identify this layer
periosteal layer
118
Identify this structure
arachnoid granulations
119
Identify this structure
bridging veins
120
The meningeal layer that separates the two cerebral hemispheres
falx cerebri
121
The meningeal layer that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
tentorium cerebelli
122
Identify this structure
falx cerebri
123
Identify this structure
tentorium cerebelli
124
location of arachnoid mater
adheres to inner surface of the dura mater
125
Inner most meningeal layer
pia mater
126
Three spaces fromed by the meninges
epidural space, subdural space. subarachnoid space

KIN 411: Neuroanatomy (23 decks)

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