lecture 4 diabetes Flashcards
what are additional symptoms of diabetes
cells are unable to uptake nutrients from blood - weight lost
fatigue
what kind of disorder is diabetes
a metabolic disorder
what makes diabetes a metabolic disorder
chronic hyperglycaemia and disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and
protein metabolism
defects in insulin secretion and actiom
what does having diabetes mellitus fail to maintain
blood glucose homeostasis
cells cannot absorb glucose from the blood
what is high glucose levels counteracted with
thirst (polydipsia)
urinary volume (polyuria)
what’s a sign of diabetes
production of ketones -> acetone
ketones will be detected in urine
lowers pH in blood
what is another name for type 1 diabetes
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
what is another name for type 2 diabetes
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
who develops gestational diabetes
pregnant women
facts about gestational diabetes?
body does not produce enough insulin to meet demands of pregnancy
resolves after the birth of baby
30% more risk of type 2 after baby
what chains and bonding does insulin have
A and B subunits
disulphide bonds
what cells produce insulin and from where
Beta cells
islets of pancreas
what are the actions of insulin for lipids
increases triglyceride synthesis
increases fatty acid transport into adipose cells
activates lipoprotein lipase in capillary walls
what does insulin do for proteins
increases active transport of amino acids into cells
increases protein synthesis
decreases protein breakdown
what does insulin do for glucose
increase glucose transport to muscles
increase glycogen
decrease glycogenesis
