Lecture 4 Plan Of Care

Question 1

Children with DCD may not effectively use _______ and are heavily dependent on ______

Answer 1

Anticipatory control

Visual feedback

Question 2

Repeated motor activity without _____________ would yield very little gain in terms of motor learning

Answer 2

Active participation and information processing

Question 3

Why may tying a shoe lace be difficulty for a kid with DCD

Answer 3

Child must rely on feedback provided during the course of performance meaning that it makes the movement slow and laborious

Question 4

Therapists can grade the challenge of a task in terms of ______

Example: being in an open area vs having obstacles

Answer 4

Information processing

Question 5

A pelvic block will lead to what kind of gait

Answer 5

adduction/scissoring

Question 6

______ sitting will be seen in children with a pelvic block

Answer 6

W sitting

Question 7

Children with a posterior tilt pelvic block have trouble with what

Answer 7

unable or difficulty with weight shift or dissociating LE

Question 8

Children with an anterior pelvic tilt pelvic block will have what kind of posture in prone

Answer 8

still w/ frog legs (hip flexion, abduction, ER)

Question 9

Children w/ anterior tilt pelvic block will have what difficulties

Answer 9

difficulty with lateral weight shift and righting reactions

cant dissociate LE in quadruped which leads to bunny hopping

Question 10

a shoulder block will lead to what

Answer 10

unable or poor forearm weight bearing

no scapular stability

lack of scapular rotation

consequence: lack of UE development

Question 11

Children with a neck block often have bilateral deficits in ______________

Answer 11

deficits of UE development and ocular development

Question 12

With a neck block, the spine rotates_________

Spinal _______ is emphasized

Answer 12

toward the head

extension

Question 13

During a hyperextension neck block, what is seen?

Answer 13

Lack of midline and tucking, development of scapular is blocked

shoulder elevation stabilizes head

Question 14

What are the 4 common blocks

Answer 14

neck block

shoulder block

anterior pelvic tilt Hip Pelvic block

posterior pelvic tilt Hip Pelvic block

Question 15

Frequently, babies with blocks have ________ postural tone

Answer 15

hypotonic

Question 16

Chorea

Answer 16

Ongoing, random appearing sequence of one or more movements, or fragmented movements that varying in timing

Question 17

Athetosis

Answer 17

slow continuous involuntary writhing that prevents stable posture

Question 18

Tremor

Answer 18

rhythmic back and forth or oscillating involuntary movement

Question 19

Ataxia

Answer 19

Gross lack of coordinated movements

Question 20

Hypotonia

Answer 20

excessively low resistance to passive stretch

Question 21

Spasticity

Answer 21

resistance to passive movement that is speed dependent

Question 22

Dystonia

Answer 22

Movement disorder with involuntary sustained or intermittent muscle contractions, causing twisting and repetitive movements or atypical postures

Question 23

Rigidity

Answer 23

a more extreme type of hypertonicity

Question 24

Children with autism often exhibit

Answer 24

toe walking

Question 25

Children with idiopathic toe walking need to have their _______ milestones examined

Answer 25

language and sensory

Question 26

T or F: there is a family history, autosomal dominant pattern, for toe walking

Answer 26

T

Question 27

For treating toe walking, what is the goal for dorsiflexion?

Answer 27

10 dorsiflexion

Question 28

Do idiopathic toe walkers need to strengthen their plantarflexors

Answer 28

most of the time, yes

Question 29

What counts as idiopathic toe walking?

Answer 29

Persistent toe walking after the age of 2 or intermittent toe walking past the age of 3

Question 30

is surgery generally recommended for idiopathic toe walking

Answer 30

no, they typically respond well to conservative treatment

Question 31

When working with children with developmental coordination disorder, before we can do dual task, what must we do

Answer 31

take the child to a high level of the primary task before introducing competing tasks

Question 32

How should we use dual task for children with DCD?

Answer 32

use dual task to evaluate the level of learning of a primary task or developmental postural control practice functional tasks in the natural environment where attention is divided

Question 33

Children with DCD and CP typically struggle with ________

Answer 33

dual task

Question 34

The main neuro facilitation approach originated from what two early motor control theories

Answer 34

Reflex and hierarchical theories

Question 35

Which theory states that central pattern generators work together as a whole to patterned motor commands And more complex programs developed at the cortex level result from motor learning

Answer 35

Motor programming theory

Question 36

Which theory states that movements are an interaction of many systems and emphasizes the constraints of the MSK system and environment on movement

Answer 36

Systems theory

Question 37

Which theory states that control shifts between many systems based on the internal state and specific motor task and environmental conditions

Answer 37

Systems theory

Question 38

What are examples of automatic postural responses in systems theory

Answer 38

Ankle strategy - coordinated distal to proximal pattern Hip strategy- proximal to distal activation

Question 39

Which motor control theory emphasizes what while movement shifts between many systems there is a principle of self organization in the components. In this approach VARIABILITY within and between individuals is essential for motor development

Answer 39

Dynamic systems theory

Question 40

Under a certain condition, a child with CP walks with a reciprocal pattern Under other conditions the child resorts to bunny hopping This is an example of what theory? If the different condition that causes each way of moving is how fast the child’s going, what would we call this?

Answer 40

Dynamic systems theory Control parameters (in this case the control parameter is speed)

Question 41

The concept of _______ can be important for intervention because the therapist can identify what factors promote change in the movement produced

Answer 41

Control parameters, a part of dynamic systems theory

Question 42

What is the “Triad of constraints” in dynamic systems theory?

Answer 42

Person Environment Task Any of these can be a control parameter

Question 43

What is the difference between dynamic systems and information processing perspective

Answer 43

Dynamic system -framework for how movement behavior is organized and how it changes Information processing perspective- Addresses cognitive systems and their role in motor learning

Question 44

What theory emphasizes the cognitive processes associated with learning motor skills and says that information processing is essential to motor learning

Answer 44

Information processing perspective

Question 45

What does information processing theory say about repeated motor activity

Answer 45

Repeated motor activity without information processing will yield very little motor learning gain

Question 46

What are the 3 stages to information processing

Answer 46

Stimulus identification Response selection Response programming

Question 47

At 2 years old what should we see when a child ambulates (2 things)

Answer 47

Heel strike Reciprocal arm swing