LECTURE 4: PLATO

Question 1

Known as the “Wise Ones” because they claimed that they could teach wisdom as a “techne” or skill; the first professional teachers who had mastered the art of rhetoric

Answer 1

Sophists

Question 2

This sophist quoted, “Virtue is not one but many; virtue depends on one’s status in life.”

Answer 2

Gorgias

Question 3

This sophist quoted, “Man is the measure of all things.”

Answer 3

Protagoras

Question 4

This sophist quoted, “Justice or righteousness is in accordance with the interest of the stronger party.”

Answer 4

Thrasymachus

Question 5

The process of taking on and embracing the hypothesis/argument of your opponent as if you agree with it but later show its inherent contradiction, which will make the argument look absurd.

Answer 5

Dialectics

Question 6

WHAT ARE ZENO’S ARGUMENTS AGAINST MOTION USING DIALECTICS?

Answer 6

1. In the racecourse, Achilles will not be able to catch up with the tortoise.
2. The arrow in flight is at rest.

Question 7

Timeline of Socrates

Answer 7

470 - 399 BC

Question 8

Timeline of Plato

Answer 8

428 - 348 BC

Question 9

True or False: Socrates never wrote anything in his lifetime.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

True or False: What we know about Socrates mainly came from Aristotle’s accounts particularly in the early dialogues, where Socrates was the main character, as well as the middle dialogues.

Answer 10

False. It was Plato, not Aristotle.

Question 11

Socrates was punished with the death sentence via drinking poison from a plant called ______.

Answer 11

Hemlock

Question 12

He was an absolutist and idealist.

Answer 12

Plato

Question 13

”… so the entire soul must be turned away from the changing world until its _____ can bear to contemplate reality and that supreme splendor called the ______.”

Answer 13

eye ; good

Question 14

“One thing only I know, and that is that I know ______.”

Answer 14

nothing

Question 15

Recognizing one’s ignorance and limitations before achieving knowledge.

Answer 15

Aporia

Question 16

Noetic insight and _________ ——-> True knowledge using the ‘______ of the mind’ (soul)

Answer 16

enlightenment ; eye

Question 17

Also known as ‘Knoxa’

Answer 17

Knowledge

Question 18

Grasping of complete or perfect knowledge of the forms and ideas, the direct apprehension of the transcendent objects of knowledge in the other world or dimension.

Answer 18

Noesis

Question 19

Still relies on some assumptions, hypotheses, and imagery from the physical or sensible world.

Answer 19

Dianoia

Question 20

Also known as ‘Doxa’

Answer 20

Opinion

Question 21

Appearances or reality as it appears to be

Answer 21

Opinion

Question 22

Our commonsensical view or practical knowledge about the world.

Answer 22

Belief (‘Pistis’) or conviction

Question 23

Second-hand information that we accept without further investigation or search for any evidence

Answer 23

Illusion (‘Eikasia’) or imagination

Question 24

_______ and _______ should be banished from the Republic because they are creating a tertiary copy of reality.

Answer 24

Poets; artists

Question 25

“Until _______ are ______, then will this, our state, have a possibility of life as behold the light of day.”

Answer 25

philosophers; kings

Question 26

What is the goal of Plato’s philosophy?

Answer 26

The Pursuit of the Good Life

Question 27

What kind of justice is this? The rational part will be ruling over the irrational part (appetites and passion)

Answer 27

Justice in the soul

Question 28

What kind of justice is this? Harmony (the ruler rules, the guardians defend, and the slaves work)

Answer 28

Justice in the state

Question 29

MYTH OF THREE METALS (THE SOUL)

Answer 29

1. Gold (ruler/philosopher king) 2. Silver (warrior class/guardians of the state) 3. Bronze (slaves)

Question 30

THE THREE WAVES (THE REPUBLIC)

Answer 30

1. Abolition of the family 2. Prohibition of ownership of property among guardians 3. Equality between men and women (among the guardians)