lecture 4 (test 1) Flashcards
(14 cards)
outbreaks of a disease that occure in a localized group of people (increase in the usual and expected rate of a disease)
epidemic
the persistant occurrence of disease by region (the usual and expected rate of a disease)
endemic
when an epidemic escapes or expands from the localized area and affects people in a larger region
pandemic
factors that bring about or are capable of bringing about changes in health
determinants
non-human sources of infection or disease that can affect humans (rabies)
vectors
sudden presence of a disease that is typically not seen or that has not been sen before. seasonal increasaes in a commonly occuring disease
outbreaks
incidence is…
of new cases in population divided by # of persons at risk of developing disease, during a specific period of time
prevalence is…
of cases of a disease present in the population divided by # of persons in the population
what are the 2 strategies to developing intervention
1) Chain of causative events (agent, host, environment)
2) 3 levels of prevention model (primary, secondary, tertiary)
what are the 9 issues which help define relevancy when identifying CAUSATION
1 strength of association 2-consistancy of the observed association 3-specificity 4-temporality 5-biologic gradient 6-plausibility 7-coherence 8-experiment 9-analogy
the more of a substance given or exposed to suspected activity/environment agent, the greater the rate of outcome being studied
strength of association
higher the “dose” the stonger the “response”
biological gradient
cause and effect data should not seriously conflict with the science of the day reggarding natural history and biology of the disease
coherence
the tendancy to overlay a risk from a population based study onto the individual
ecologic fallacy
