lecture 4 (test 1)

Question 1

outbreaks of a disease that occure in a localized group of people (increase in the usual and expected rate of a disease)

Answer 1

epidemic

Question 2

the persistant occurrence of disease by region (the usual and expected rate of a disease)

Answer 2

endemic

Question 3

when an epidemic escapes or expands from the localized area and affects people in a larger region

Answer 3

pandemic

Question 4

factors that bring about or are capable of bringing about changes in health

Answer 4

determinants

Question 5

non-human sources of infection or disease that can affect humans (rabies)

Answer 5

vectors

Question 6

sudden presence of a disease that is typically not seen or that has not been sen before. seasonal increasaes in a commonly occuring disease

Answer 6

outbreaks

Question 7

incidence is…

Answer 7

of new cases in population divided by # of persons at risk of developing disease, during a specific period of time

Question 8

prevalence is…

Answer 8

of cases of a disease present in the population divided by # of persons in the population

Question 9

what are the 2 strategies to developing intervention

Answer 9

1) Chain of causative events (agent, host, environment)

2) 3 levels of prevention model (primary, secondary, tertiary)

Question 10

what are the 9 issues which help define relevancy when identifying CAUSATION

Answer 10

1 strength of association
2-consistancy of the observed association
3-specificity
4-temporality
5-biologic gradient
6-plausibility
7-coherence
8-experiment
9-analogy

Question 11

the more of a substance given or exposed to suspected activity/environment agent, the greater the rate of outcome being studied

Answer 11

strength of association

Question 12

higher the “dose” the stonger the “response”

Answer 12

biological gradient

Question 13

cause and effect data should not seriously conflict with the science of the day reggarding natural history and biology of the disease

Answer 13

coherence

Question 14

the tendancy to overlay a risk from a population based study onto the individual

Answer 14

ecologic fallacy