lecture 8 (test 1) Flashcards
(25 cards)
what is the first level of inference
association b/w exposure and disease
what does the first level of inference require
accurate measurements
what is the second level of inference
causal effect of exposure on disease in the study population
what does the second level of inference require
accurate measurements
no confounding
what is the third level of inference
causal effect of exposure on disease in external population
what does the third level of inference require
accurate measurements
no confounding
generalization
what is the fourth level of inference
prevention of disease through elimination or reduction of exposure
what does the fourth level of inference require
accurate measurement
no confounding
generalization
ability to modify exposure
what is the fifth level of inference
substantial public health impact from elimination of reduction of exposure
what does the fifth level of inference require
accurate measurement no confounding generalization ability to modify exposure large attributable fraction
studies that follow groups of subjects forward in time and compare their outcomes
cohort studies
prior exposure of the cases are compared with those of the controls to see if the exposure influenced the odds of developing the disease
case-control study
type of scientific experiment most commonly used in testing the efficacy or effectiveness ofhealthcare services
randomized controlled trial (RCT)
type of RCT in which each participant assigned to a group, all participants in group recieve intervention
parallel group
type of RCT in which each participant recieves intervention in a random sequence
crossover-over time
type of RCT in which seperate parts of body are randomized to recieve intervention
split body
type of RCT in which pre existing groups of participants are randomly selected to recieve intervention
cluster
type of RCT in which participants receive particular combinations of intervention
factorial
type of outcome in which you test efficacy in reseaqrch setting with highly selected participants and under highly controlled conditions
explanatory
type of outcome in which you test effectiveness in everyday practice with relatively unselected participants and under flexible conditions
pragmatic
a hypothesis in which one intervention is hypothesized to be superior to another
superiority trial
a hypothesis to determine whether a new treatment is no worse than a reference treatment
non-inferiority treatment
a hypothesis to test whether the two intercentions are indistinguishable from each other
equivalence trial
a variable that can take any value within a defined range
continuous variable
