Lecture #5 -

Question 1

Assumption:

Answer 1

• A characteristic that we ideally require the population from which we are sampling to have so that we can make accurate inferences.

Question 2

Parametric Test:

Answer 2

• An inferential statistical analysis based on a set of assumptions about the populations.

Question 3

Nonparametric Test:

Answer 3

• An inferential statistical analysis that is not based on a set of assumptions about the population.

Question 4

Robust Hypothesis Test:

Answer 4

• One that produces fairly accurate results even when the data suggest that the population might not meet some of the assumptions.

Question 5

Three main Assumptions Of Hypothesis Testing:

Answer 5

1 - The dependent variable is assessed using a scale measure
2 - The participants are randomly selected
3 - The distribution of the population of interest must be approximately normal

Question 6

Critical Value:

Answer 6

• A test statistic value beyond which we reject the null hypothesis; often called a cutoff

Question 7

Critical Region:

Answer 7

• The area in the tails of the comparison distribution in which the null hypothesis can be rejected.

Question 8

Alpha Level:

Answer 8

• The probability used to determine the critical values or cutoffs.

Question 9

The six steps of hypothesis Testing:

Answer 9

1 - identify the populations, distribution, and assumptions, and then choose the appropriate hypothesis test.
2 - State the null and research hypotheses, in both words and symbolic notation.
3 - Determine the characteristics of the comparison distribution.
4 - Determine the critical values, or cutoffs, that indicate the points beyond which we will reject the null hypothesis.
5 - Calculate the test statistic
6 - Decide whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Question 10

The P-Value:

Answer 10

• The probability of finding this particular test statistic, or one even larger, if the null hypothesis is true that is, if there is no difference between means. A finding is statistically significant if the data differ from what we would expect by chance if there was, in fact, no difference.

Question 11

Two Tailed Test:

Answer 11

• A hypothesis test in which the research hypothesis does not indicate a direction of the mean difference or chnage in the dependent variable but merely indicates that there will be a mean difference.

Question 12

One tailed Test:

Answer 12

• A hypothesis in which the research hypothesis is directional, positing either a mean decrease or a mean increase in the dependent variable, bot not both, as a result of the independent variable.