Lecture 5 Flashcards
(78 cards)
What are the key bony landmarks?
- Anterior sacro-iliac joint.
- Ischial spine.
- Punic symphysis.
- Obturator foramen.
- ASIS.
- Iliac crest.
- Iliac fossa.
What muscles make up the posterior abdominal wall?
- Quadratus Lumborum.
- Iliacus.
- Psoas Major.
(4. Diaphragm).
What is the origin of Quadratus Lumborum?
Iliac Crest.
Where does Quadratus Lumborum insert?
12th rib and L1-4 Transverse Processes.
What is the action of Quadratus Lumborum?
Both quadratrus lumborum will help with forced expiration and 12th rib support.
One quadratrus lumborum will help to bend the trunk to the same side.
What nerve innervates Quadratus Lumborum?
T12 and L1-4 (anterior rami).
What is the origin of iliacus?
Iliac fossa.
Where does iliacus insert?
Lesser trochanter of femur - it joins posts to form a common tendon.
What is the action of iliacus?
Hip flexion.
What nerve innervates iliacus?
Femoral nerve (L2-4).
What is the origin of psoas major?
Vertebral bodies and IV discs of T12 and L1-5.
Where does psoas major insert?
Lesser trochanter of femur - joins iliacus to form a common tendon.
What is the action of psoas major?
Raise body from supine position (both posts will do this). And one will help to bend the rink laterally. Also flexion at the hip joint.
What nerve innervates psoas major?
Lumbar plexus (L1-3).
Where does the aorta come from behind?
It comes from behind the diaphragm at T12 and it bifurcates at L4.
Where do the renal arteries come off the aorta?
Para-aortically: this means they come off the side of the aorta at L1.
Where do the testicualr arteries come off?
Slightly lower down to the renal arteries at L2.
What arteries and veins supply and drain the posterior abdominal wall?
There are 5 lumbar arteries and veins that do this.
Where does the IVC bifurcate at?
L5 (slightly lower down then when the aorta bifurcates). It runs behind the aorta.
Why do ladies get varicose veins during childbirth?
Well the common iliac veins run behind the iliac artery - they cross over. So the left leg will get varicose veins when the arteries crush the common iliac veins.
What makes up the urinary system (from superior to inferior)?
- Kidney.
- Ureter.
- Bladder.
- Urethra.
All these organs are retroperitoneal.
What is the function of the urinary system?
- Removal of waste.
- Electrolyte balance.
- pH balance.
- Blood pressure/volume regulation.
What sits above the kidneys?
The suprarenal gland. It is not apart of the urinary system.
Describe the surface anatomy of the kidneys and the suprarenal gland?
The kidneys are located posteriorly in the abdomen. They sit on top of the Psoas and Quadratus Lumborum muscles in the abdominal cavity. The right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney (due to position of the liver). The right kidney sits behind and below rib 12. The left kidney sits behind and below ribs 11 + 12. The ureter exits the kidney at L1 (Transpyloric plane) - basically the hila of the kidney is at L1.