Lecture 8 Flashcards
(47 cards)
What is the most superficial layer?
Skin.
What is the layer underneath the skin layer?
This layer is split up into two:
- Fatty Superficial Fascia (Camper’s).
- Membranous Superficial Fascia (Scarpa’s) - tend to find this fascia beneath the umbilicus.
What is the layer underneath the deep fascia?
The three muscle layers:
- External oblique (infero-medial).
- Internal oblique (supero-medial).
- Transversus abdominis.
What is the layer underneath the muscle layers?
Transversalis fascia.
What is the layer underneath the transversalis fascia?
Parietal peritoneum.
What are the key bony landmarks?
- ASIS.
- Pubic symphysis.
- Pubic tubercle - palpate with thumbs.
- Pubic crest.
- Pectineal line.
Where does the inguinal ligament run from?
ASIS to pubic tubercle - it is formed from rolled edge of external oblique aponeurosis.
Where does the lacunar ligament run from?
This ligament connects the inguinal and pectineal ligament - sharp edge (things can get trapped in here).
Where does the pectineal ligament run from?
Pectineal line of the pubic bone.
Describe the inguinal canal?
It is an oblique passage through the lower part of the abdominal wall - the oblique nature of the canal helps to prevent herniation of abdominal contents.
How long is the inguinal canal?
In adults it is around 4cm long.
Where does the inguinal canal extend from?
Deep inguinal ring to the superficial inguinal ring.
What does the inguinal canal carry in males?
It carries structures to and from the testis and abdomen via the spermatic cord (and ilioinguinal nerve - not involved within the psermatic cord).
What does the inguinal canal carry in females?
It carries the round ligament of the uterus from the pelvis to the labia majora (and ilioinguinal nerve).
Describe the superficial inguinal “ring” (SIR)?
It is a triangular defect in the aponeurosis of the external oblique.
Describe it’s reference to the pubic tubercle?
It is superior and lateral to the pubic tubercle.
What do the margins (crura) of the SIR give rise toE?
External spermatic fascia (of the spermatic cord).
Describe the deep inguinal “ring” (DIR)?
It is an oval opening formed in the transversals fascia.
Describe the landmarks of DIR?
DIR is halfway between ASIS and pubic symphysis (mid-inguinal point). It is 1.5-2cm above the inguinal ligament. It is lateral to the inferior epigastric artery.
What do the margins (crura) of the DIR give rise to?
Internal spermatic fascia (spermatic cord in men and round ligament fascia in women).
What is between SIR (transversalis fascia) and DIR (external oblique)?
There are two more muscles that help to form the inguinal canal and spermatic fasciae:
1. Transversus Abdomens: This does not contribute to spermatic fascia.
2. Internal Oblique: This gives rise to the muscular layer - cremasteric muscle (of spermatic cord).
These two muscles will join medially to form a common tendon which attaches onto the pubic crest/pectineal line = Conjoint Tendon.
What is the anterior inguinal canal borders?
Aponeurosis of external oblique muscle and internal oblique muscle (in lateral 1/3).
What is the floor inguinal canal borders?
Inferior rolled edge of external oblique aponeurosis (inguinal ligament) and lacunar ligament (medial).
Looking from superior view, the inguinal ligament runs from AISS to Pub.Tub.
What is the roof inguinal canal borders?
Fibres of internal oblique and transverses abdominis.