Lecture 5: axial skeleton

Question 1

axial skeleton (4)

Answer 1

• body without limbs
• skull
• vertebral column
• ribcage

Question 2

foramen

Answer 2

opening/ hole passing into or through a bone

Question 3

process

Answer 3

a bony projection; variety of shapes

Question 4

fossa

Answer 4

concave impression

Question 5

facet

Answer 5

a smaller fossa; usually where two or more bones articulate with each other

Question 6

neurocranium

Answer 6

houses and protects the brain

Question 7

frontal bone (2)

Answer 7

• protects the brain anteriorly and inferiorly

- roof of the orbit

Question 8

parietal bones

Answer 8

protects the brain laterally and superiorily

Question 9

occipital bone (3)

Answer 9

• protects the brain posteriorly and inferiorly
• foramen magnum = passage of spinal cord
• occipital condyles = articulates with the first vertabrae

Question 10

temporal bone (5)

Answer 10

• inferior, lateral side of the skull
• most of the zygomatic arch
• mastoid process [mp] = posterior to ear
• styloid process
• external auditory meatus = bony portion of outer ear canal

Question 11

sphenoid bone

Answer 11

floor of cranium

Question 12

sella turica

Answer 12

site of pituitary gland

Question 13

ethmoid bone has (3) parts

Answer 13

• cribiform plate = passage of olfactory nerve
• crista galli = attachment of dura mater
• perpendicular plate = upper part of nasal plate

Question 14

components of the viscerocranium (6)

Answer 14

• zygomatic bone
• maxilla
• mandible
• nasal bones
• lacrimal bone
• vomer

Question 15

components of the neurocranium (6)

Answer 15

• frontal bone
• parietal bone
• occipital bone
• temporal bone
• sphenoid bone
• ethmoid bone

Question 16

zygomatic bone

Answer 16

cheek and lateral orbit

Question 17

maxilla (3)

Answer 17

• upper jaw/ teeth
• forms large part of the hard palate [with palatine bones]
• forms most of the nasal cavity

Question 18

palatine bone

Answer 18

posterior part of the hard palate

Question 19

mandible

Answer 19

lower jaw/ teeth

Question 20

nasal bones

Answer 20

forms bridge of nose

Question 21

lacrimal bone

Answer 21

within medial orbit; tunnel for tears from nasal cavity

Question 22

vomer

Answer 22

forms inferior portion of nasal septum with perpendicular plate of ethmoid

Question 23

hyoid bone (3)

Answer 23

• horseshoe shaped bone in the neck that doesn’t articulate with any bones in the head
• attachment for tendons and ligaments
• involved with swallowing and moving the tongue

Question 24

sternum [breastplate]

Answer 24

interior portion of the ribcage

Question 25

3 components of the sternum

Answer 25

- manubrium [superior] - body - xiphoid process [inferior]

Question 26

sternal angle [function and location]

Answer 26

- used to locate the junction of the 2nd rib and sternum | - located at the junction of the manubrium and body of the sternum

Question 27

jugular notch

Answer 27

- slightly curved region on the superior edge of the manubrium

Question 28

all ribs articulate (posteriorly/ anteriorly) with the spinal column; from the walls of the ____

Answer 28

all ribs articulate posteriorly with the spinal column; from the walls of the thorax

Question 29

components of the rib (4)

Answer 29

- body - head = posterior end; articulates with the thoracic vertabrae - articular facets = point of contact with vertebral column - sternal end = attachment site of costal cartilage

Question 30

intercostal spaces (2)

Answer 30

- in between the ribs | - contains muscles, nerves and blood vessels

Question 31

formation of neural canal

Answer 31

when multiple vertabral foramen stack on top of each other

Question 32

body of vertebrae (3)

Answer 32

- key support structure - each bears the load of the bodies above it - anterior rounded area

Question 33

neural arch of the vertebrea

Answer 33

posterior arch that encloses the spinal cord

Question 34

articular components of the vertebrae

Answer 34

contains surfaces where adjacent vertebrae attach

Question 35

spinous process is (posterior/ anterior) and transverse process is (medial/ lateral); both are important for ____

Answer 35

spinous process is posterior and transverse process is lateral; both are important for ligaments and muscles that hold the spine steady and move it

Question 36

articular process

Answer 36

points of articulation between adjacent vertabrae

Question 37

lamina

Answer 37

forms roof of central canal through which the spinal cord is

Question 38

pedicle

Answer 38

small piece of bone that attaches to the neural arch of the body

Question 39

intervertebral foramen (2)

Answer 39

- located between pedicles | - passage for nerves to enter/ exit spinal cord

Question 40

transverse foramina (3)

Answer 40

- only in cervical - within the transverse process - allows passage of vertebral artery through the spinal column and into the skull - brain

Question 41

anulus fibrous

Answer 41

outer ring of tough fibrocartilage = dense connective tissue

Question 42

nucleous pulposus

Answer 42

softer, gelatinous inner region = cushions the disk

Question 43

which cervical vertebrae allow for movement of the head at the neck?

Answer 43

the first 2

Question 44

C1: the atlas (3)

Answer 44

- no body - posterior tubercle = no spinous process - condylar facets = articulate with occipital condyles of skull [head flexion/ extension]

Question 45

C2: the axis (2)

Answer 45

- superior articular facets = shaped for C1 to rotate around the axis - dens [odontoid process]

Question 46

dens [odontoid process] (2)

Answer 46

- rest against the fovea of atlas | - bound by transverse ligaments and allows for head rotation

Question 47

lumbar region (4)

Answer 47

- largest bodies; no costal facets - broad, square spinous process - sacrum - coccyx [tailbone]